TAYLOR, WM. C. - HISTORY OF ROME(1).pdf - język laciński - eff88

PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S

HISTORY OF ROME:

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF

ROMAN HISTORY, AND A GREAT VARIETY OF VALUABLE

INFORMATION ADDED THROUGHOUT THE WORK, ON THE

MANNERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE ROMANS;

WITH

NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL NOTES; AND

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION.

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.

[Illustration: Coliseum.]

WM. C. TAYLOR, LL.D.,

OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN.

AUTHOR OF MANUAL OF ANCIENT AND MODERN HISTORY, ETC.

ETC.

THIRTY-FIFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE TWENTY-THIRD ENGLISH

EDITION

PHILADELPHIA:

THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT & CO.

1851.

Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1848, by

THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT & CO.

In the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for

the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

PRINTED BY SMITH & PETERS,

Franklin Buildings, Sixth Street below Arch, Philadelphia.

PREFACE.

The researches of Niebuhr and several other distinguished German

scholars have thrown a new light on Roman History, and enabled us to

discover the true constitution of that republic which once ruled the

destinies of the known world, and the influence of whose literature

and laws is still powerful in every civilized state, and will probably

continue to be felt to the remotest posterity. These discoveries have,

however, been hitherto useless to junior students in this country; the

works of the German critics being unsuited to the purposes of schools,

not only from their price, but also from the extensive learning

requisite to follow them through their laborious disquisitions. The

editor has, therefore, thought that it would be no unacceptable

service, to prefix a few Introductory Chapters, detailing such results

from their inquiries as best elucidate the character and condition of

the Roman people, and explain the most important portion of the

history. The struggles between the patricians and plebeians,

respecting the agrarian laws have been so strangely misrepresented,

even by some of the best historians, that the nature of the contest

may, with truth, be said to have been wholly misunderstood before the

publication of Niebuhr's work: a perfect explanation of these

important matters cannot be expected in a work of this kind; the

Editors trust that the brief account given here of the Roman tenure of

land, and the nature of the agrarian laws, will be found sufficient

for all practical purposes. After all the researches that have been

made, the true origin of the Latin people, and even of the Roman city,

is involved in impenetrable obscurity; the legendary traditions

collected by the historians are, however, the best guides that we can

now follow; but it would be absurd to bestow implicit credit on all

the accounts they have given, and the editor has, therefore, pointed

out the uncertain nature of the early history, not to encourage

scepticism, but to accustom students to consider the nature of

historical evidence, and thus early form the useful habit of

criticising and weighing testimony.

The authorities followed in the geographical chapters, are principally

Heeren and Cramer; the treatise of the latter on ancient Italy is one

of the most valuable aids acquired by historical students within the

present century. Much important information respecting the peculiar

character of the Roman religion has been derived from Mr. Keightley's

excellent Treatise on Mythology; the only writer who has, in our

language, hitherto, explained the difference between the religious

systems of Greece and Rome. The account of the barbarians in the

conclusion of the volume, is, for the most part, extracted from

"Koch's Revolutions of Europe;" the sources of the notes, scattered

through the volume, are too varied for a distinct acknowledgment of each.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER

I. Geographical Outline of Italy

II. The Latin Language and People--Credibility of the Early History

III. Topography of Rome

IV. The Roman Constitution

V. The Roman Tenure of Land--Colonial Government

VI. The Roman Religion

VII. The Roman Army and Navy

VIII. Roman Law.--Finance

IX. The public Amusements and private Life of the Romans

X. Geography of the empire at the time of its greatest extent

HISTORY.

I. Of the Origin of the Romans

II. From the building of Rome to the death of Romulus

III. From the death of Romulus to the death of Numa

IV. From the death of Numa to the death of Tullus Hostilius

V. From the death of Tullus Hostilius to the death of Ancus Martius

VI. From the death of Ancus Martius to the death of Taiquinius Priscus

VII. From the death of Tarquinius Priscus to the death of Servius Tullius

VIII. From the death of Servius Tullius to the banishment of Tarquinius

Superbus

IX. From the banishment of Tarquinius Superbus to the appointment of the

first Dictator

X. From the Creation of the Dictator to the election of the Tribunes

XI. From the Creation of the Tribunes to the appointment of the Decemviri,

viz.

Section 1.--The great Volscian war

---- 2.--Civil commotions on account of the Agrarian law

XII. From the creation of the Decemviri to the destruction of the city

by the Gauls, viz.

Section 1.--Tyranny of the Decemviri

---- 2.--Crimes of Appius--Revolt of the army

---- 3.--Election of Military Tribunes--Creation of the

Censorship

---- 4.--Siege and capture of Veii--Invasion of the Gauls

---- 5.--Deliverance of Rome from the Gauls

XIII. From the wars with the Samnites to the First Punic war, viz.

Section 1.--The Latin war

---- 2.--Invasion of Italy by Pyrrhus, king of Epirus

---- 3.--Defeat and departure of Pyrrhus

XIV. From the beginning of the First Punic war to the beginning of the

Second, viz.

Section 1.--Causes and commencement of the war--Invasion of Africa by

Regulus

---- 2.--Death of Regulus--Final Triumph of the Romans

XV. The Second Punic war, viz.

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