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REDWOOD

Naturally beautiful

Easy to use

Practical and economical

Durable and stable

Resistant to decay and insects

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Freestanding Deck

BUILD A REDWOOD DECK

FREESTANDING 8 X 10 DECK

Transform the ordinary outdoors into an

inviting entertainment center for family and

friends with the addition of a well-proportioned

freestanding 8 x 10 redwood deck.

This small deck can make a big difference at a garden doorway, next

to a retaining wall or under your favorite tree. It is relatively easy to

build and won’t cost too much either.

First decide the placement and height of the deck. Most building

codes require railings on decks that will be higher than 18 inches

off the ground. You can build a freestanding deck or one that is

attached to the side of your house.

To attach the deck to the house use the simplest anchoring system

permitted by local building codes. A typical design is shown on the

back panels of this brochure.

It is always a good idea to measure and cut as you build for the

most accurate results. Use non-corrosive, hot-dipped galvanized,

stainless steel or aluminum fasteners and hardware. To minimize

splitting, predrill nail holes at board ends.

1. Layout Mark the deck corners with stakes and string. Use a carpen-

ter’s square to help lay out 90° corners. Double check for squareness by

measuring diagonally between the corners. If the two diagonal mea-

surements are equal, the layout is a true rectangle.

2. Footings and posts Simple precast concrete footings with

wood nailing blocks are used in this design. For this freestanding deck,

you will need six. Check local building codes to be sure these footings

are appropriate for your climate. Once your footings are set, place

the 4x4 posts in position.

Post lengths will vary according to the contour of the ground.

Establish the height at one corner and use this to measure the others.

Accurate measurement

and trimming of the

posts can be achieved

using a string level or

a carpenter’s level.

Post tops should be

1 1 ⁄ 2 inches below

the top of the skirt-

boards. This provides

room for the deck

boards. Toenail posts

to the footings.

3. Skirtboards and ledgers The skirtboards can be 2x10 lumber,

which will conceal the 2x8 joists of the deck framing, or they can be

2x12 lumber which will give the deck a more substantial appearance.

First, trim the eight-foot long skirtboards to 93 3 ⁄ 4 inches. After

trimming two 2x4 ledgers to 83 3 ⁄ 4 inches, center them lengthwise on

the trimmed skirtboards, 1 1 ⁄ 2 inches from the top edge. Attach the

ledgers with five equally-spaced 3 ⁄ 8 -inch by 2 1 ⁄ 2 -inch lag screws per

ledger. The ledgers will support the ends of the decking.

Drill two 3 ⁄ 8 -inch pilot holes into the posts per joint, staggering them

to allow for the other skirtboard joint. Use 3 ⁄ 8 -inch by 6-inch carriage

bolts, washers and nuts to attach the long-side skirtboards. Install the

short-side skirtboards next, lapping the ends of the long-side skirtboards.

4. Joists Attach 2x8 joists using metal joist hangers. Leave room so

that the decking will be even with the top of the skirtboards. Space the

joists 24 inches on center, which means the center of one joist is 24

inches from the next. To ensure vertical joists, mark their positions

using a carpenter’s square as a guide. Fasten the joist hangers to the

skirtboard with 1 1 ⁄ 4 -inch joist hanger nails before installing the joists.

Use a scrap piece of 2x8 lumber as a spacer in the joist hangers while

nailing them to the skirtboard. This will assure a proper final fit.

5. Decking Lay the 25 2x4 deck boards on the joists. Do not fasten

the boards in place until you are satisfied with their arrangement and

spacing. Install deck boards bark side up. Predrill nail holes near the

ends of boards to prevent splitting. Attach decking with 16d nails or

3-inch deck screws. Allow 1 ⁄ 8 -inch space between all deck boards

including those next to the skirtboards.

Optional 2x6 decking If you choose 2x6 redwood decking to

cover your deck, you will need 16 pieces and the short-side skirtboards

and ledgers will now trim to 93 1 ⁄ 8 and 83 1 ⁄ 8 inches long, respectively.

Remember to lay out the deck boards before securing them and

to allow 1 ⁄ 8 - inch spaces between all deckboards.

The knotty redwood garden grades, such as

Construction Common or Deck Common, are

top choices for their visual character and econ-

omy. For increased decay resistance, choose

the all-heartwood grades, Construction Heart

or Deck Heart, especially for decking or framing

that will be built on or near the ground.

1 1 ⁄ 2 "

3 ⁄ 8 " x 2 1 ⁄ 2 "

lag screw

2x10

redwood

skirtboard

Tools you will need Tape measure, carpenter’s or framing

square, hammer, ratchet wrench, power radial saw, plumb, line

level and level, power drill and regular bits and rubber mallet.

2x4

ledger

3 ⁄ 8 " x 6"

carriage

bolts,

washers

and nuts

Materials For Freestanding 8x10 Deck

Quantity

Size

Length

10'

2x4 redwood

decking

spaced 1 ⁄ 8 "

4x4 post

Posts

6

4x4

varied

2x10

redwood

skirtboard

Skirtboard, long side 2

2x10*

10 feet

Wood

nailing

block

Skirtboard, short side 2

2x10*

8 feet

2x4

ledger

1 1 ⁄ 2 "

Concrete

footing

Ledgers

2

2x4

8 feet

Joists

4

2x8

8 feet

2x10

redwood

skirtboard

Deck boards

26

2x4

10 feet

or Deck boards

16

2x6

10 feet

Metal

joist

hangers

Deck screws

1 pound

3 inches

or nails

1 1 ⁄ 2 pounds

16d

24" o.c.

(typical)

4x4

post

Joist hangers

8

2x8

2x8

joists

Joist nails

1 1 ⁄ 2 pounds

1 1 ⁄ 4 inches

Lag Screws

10

3 ⁄ 8 x2 1 ⁄ 2 inches

93 3 ⁄ 4 "

Concrete

footing

with wood

nailing block

Carriage bolts,

washers and nuts

20 sets

3 ⁄ 8 x 6 inches

Concrete footings

6

* or can be 2x12 redwood lumber

2x10 redwood

skirtboard

(2x12 optional)

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ATTACHED 8 X 10 DECK

Redwood

For beauty and performance, redwood is naturally superior to

other woods. That’s why it’s the first choice for decks, fences and

most outdoor projects. Redwood retains its beauty outdoors, shrinks

and swells less than other woods and is less likely to warp, split,

check or cup. With relatively little or no pitch, redwood is easy to

drill, saw and shape. Redwood heartwood has natural durability and

resistance to insects and will last longer outdoors than most woods.

Grades

The knotty garden grades of redwood are ideal for outdoor projects.

These grades are beautiful, durable and economical.

Construction Heart/Deck Heart is all heartwood and con-

tains knots; used for load-bearing applications near the ground.

Deck Heart is graded for strength and is available in 2x4 and 2x6.

Construction Common/Deck Common contains sapwood

and knots; used for decking and above-ground uses. Deck Common

is graded for strength and is available in 2x4 and 2x6.

Merchantable Heart is all heartwood and contains larger knots

than Construction grades; used near the soil.

Merchantable contains sapwood and larger knots; used for

fence boards, rails and above-ground uses.

A deck that is attached to a house is supported at the house wall by

a board called a ledger. Building with a ledger eliminates three

posts and footings, and one skirtboard from the deck design. The

ledger must be securely anchored into the house framing (band

joist) in order to support the deck’s weight. Ledger attachments

must also be moisture proofed. Install the 2x8 ledger so that the

decking will be at least 1 inch below the indoor floor level. The

illustrations show the most typical ledger attachment and detail

an alternate technique for using washers as spacers. Both will

allow water to drain away from the house and deck, preventing

water damage. A portion of the siding must be removed where the

ledger attaches to the house wall. Allow room for the skirtboards

that attach to the ends of the ledger.

Washers as spacers

Use stainless steel or

top quality galvanized

washers and install

enough to allow at

least a 1 ⁄ 2 - inch space

between the house wall

and the ledger.

2x8

Ledger

Galvanized or stainless steel

washers for 1 ⁄ 2 " spacing

Additional tools needed Metal snips, siliconized acrylic caulking

and caulking gun. The materials listed below include only those which

are different or in addition to those listed for the Freestanding 8x10 deck.

Siding

Sheathing

Flashing

Additional Materials For Attached 8x10 Deck

Flooring

3 ⁄ 4 " clean-out gap

2x4 redwood

deck boards

Quantity

Size

Length

Ledger

1

2x8

10 feet

Finishes

Redwood accepts finishes better than most woods. Some heighten

redwood’s natural beauty, bringing out the color and the grain.

Others help the wood harmonize or contrast with surrounding

structures. Read the labels on all finish products before using.

No-finish option Redwood performs better than most woods if

left unfinished. This no-maintenance option will result in redwood

weather-bleaching to a soft driftwood gray.

Clear water repellent finish with mildewcide is recommended

to stabilize the color at tan.

Bleaching and weathering stains produce a permanent drift-

wood gray effect, a good, low-maintenance option.

Semitransparent stains in “redwood” shades tint the wood

without hiding the grain.

Solid-color stains or paints should be applied over compatible

oil-based primers.

Fasteners

Use only non-corrosive hardware such as aluminum, stainless

steel or top quality hot-dipped galvanized screws or nails.

Ordinary nails and screws will cause stains.

Band joist

Posts

3

4x4

varied

Use

throughbolt

where

possible

Skirtboard

1

2x10

10 feet

Flashing

drip-edge

Concrete footings

3

Carriage bolts,

washers and nuts

2x8 redwood

deck joist

10 sets

3 ⁄ 8 inch

6 inches

3 ⁄ 8 " x 6"

lag screw

Metal joist hanger

or Lag screws

and washers

10 sets

3 ⁄ 8 inch

5 inches

2x8 Ledger

Galvanized

metal flashing

as needed

10 feet

Flashed ledger Trim the galvanized metal flashing to the

length of the cutout. Insert the flashing under the siding and fold

it up and out of the way until the ledger is attached.

Brace the 2x8 ledger into position and drill pairs of 1 ⁄ 4 -inch pilot

holes spaced no more than 24 inches apart through the ledger,

sheathing and into the house framing. Secure the ledger to the house

with 3 ⁄ 8 -inch by 5-inch lag screws and washers, penetrating the house

framing by at least 1 1 ⁄ 2 inches. Where you have through access, use

3 ⁄ 8 -inch by 6-inch carriage bolts, washers and nuts.

Use siliconized acrylic caulking in the bolt holes and around the bolt

heads after securing them in the ledger. Also seal the ends and bot-

tom of the ledger where it meets the house. Fold the flashing over

the top of the 2x8 ledger and bend it to direct water away from the

house and ledger as shown.

Contact the California Redwood Association for more great publica-

tions containing redwood technical and building information. Call

us toll free at 1-888-Cal-Redwood for a complete literature list or to

ask for any of the titles listed here:

Other Construction Tipsheets

Also Available

Deck Over Concrete

Deck Construction

Calistoga Spa Surround

Deck Grades, Nails and Finishes

Windsor Shade Shelter

Fences for All Reasons

Monterey Potting Center

Landscape Architecture

405 Enfrente Drive, Suite 200

Novato, CA 94949-7206

Telephone 415 382-0662

Toll Free 888 Cal-Redwood

Fax 415 382-8531

www.calredwood.org

Mendocino Bench

Lake Tahoe Gazebo

Petaluma Planters

Sonoma Picnic Table

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