Bibligrafia: Dieta wegańska Rastafarianizm
1996-2000
1. Saha P R; Trumbo P R The nutritional adequacy of a limited vegan diet for a Controlled Ecological Life-Support System. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) (1996), 18(4-5), 63-72.
Abstract
Purdue University, as well as the Johnson and Kennedy Space Centers and NASA Ames Research Center, are investigating approximately 5-10 plants that will be grown hydroponically to provide not only the energy and nutrients, but also the oxygen for humans habitating in Mars and lunar bases. The growth and nutritional status of rats fed either a control diet (adequate in all macro- and micronutrients) or a strict vegetarian diet consisting of 5 (vegan-5) or 10 (vegan-10) candidate crop species were investigated. In addition, vegan-10 diets were supplemented with mineral and/or vitamin mix at a level similar to the control diets to assess the effect of supplementation on nutrient status. The assessment of inedible plant material as an alternative food source was also investigated. Results of this study demonstrated that consumption of the vegan-10 diet significantly improved weight gain of rats compared to that for rats fed the vegan-5 diet. Mineral supplementation, at a level present in the control diet, to the vegan-10 diet improved growth and nutrient status, but growth was significantly lower compared to the control-fed rats. Inclusion of inedible plant material, high in ash content, improved some indices of nutrient status, without improving growth.
Controlled Terms
Animals
Biological Availability
Body Weight
*Cereals
*Diet, Vegetarian
Dietary Fiber
*Ecological Systems, Closed
*Fabaceae
Iron: PK, pharmacokinetics
Micronutrients
Nutritive Value
*Plants, Medicinal
Pyridoxine: BL, blood
Rats
Vegetable Proteins
*Vegetables
Vitamin B 12: BL, blood
Zinc: PK, pharmacokinetics
Supplementary Terms
nasa discipline life support systems; nasa discipline number 93-10; nasa program nscort; non-nasa center
Registry Numbers
65-23-6 (Pyridoxine)
68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12)
7439-89-6 (Iron)
7440-66-6 (Zinc)
Chemical Names
0 (Micronutrients)
0 (Vegetable Proteins)
2. Suzuki, Hideo. Serum vitamin B12 levels in strict long-term vegans who eat brown rice. Sogo Rinsho (1996), 45(3), 595-8.
The levels of vitamin B12 and several biochem. parameters of 11 strict long-term vegans who eat brown rice (VB) were examd. They did not intake meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products for 10-48 yr and ate 2-4 g of sea weeds, "Nori", a day. Brown rice was cooked by a pressure cooker. The levels of B12 of VB were significantly lower than those of the control group, but the values of 10 person were within the std. value (230-800 pg/mL). There was no difference in MCV. The B12 of VB seemed to be derived from sea weeds, "Nori".
Indexing -- Section 18-2 (Animal Nutrition)
Blood serum
(serum vitamin B12 levels in strict long-term vegans who eat brown rice)
Rice
(brown, serum vitamin B12 levels in strict long-term vegans who eat brown rice)
68-19-9, Vitamin B12
Role: BOC (Biological occurrence); BSU (Biological study, unclassified); BIOL (Biological study); OCCU (Occurrence)
serum vitamin brown rice diet
3. Lightowler H J; Davies G J; Trevan M D Iodine in the diet: perspectives for vegans. Journal of the Royal Society of Health (1996), 116(1), 14-20.
Check Tags: Female; Male
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Child
Child, Preschool
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Iodine: AD, administration & dosage
*Iodine: DF, deficiency
Middle Aged
Nutritional Requirements
Pregnancy
7553-56-2 (Iodine)
4. Kunkel, H. O. Interests and values in the recommended dietary allowances and nutritional guidelines for Americans. Journal of Nutrition (1996), 126(9S, Workshop on New Approaches, Endpoints and Paradigms for RDAs of Mineral Elements, 1995), 2390S-2397S.
Evidence is provided show that interests, values and belief systems have affected the development of recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and nutrition guidelines for Americans in the past and can be expected to do so in the future. The conflicts of the 1980s relative to the nutritional guidelines for Americans and the RDAs illustrate that tension among values that can parallel a conflict of interests. In the conflicts of the 1980s, we saw an apparent conflict between those policies that attempt to optimize outcomes for a large class of affected parties and those policies that attempt to establish constraints on actions which appear to threaten individual autonomy and freedom of choice. The former approach derives from utilitarian, consequential moral philosophy which evaluates policies by evaluating costs and harms, and weighing them against benefits to all parties. The latter has its strongest advocates in contemporary libertarianism which takes individual freedom to be the bottom line. Ethical vegetarianism, a belief system which would limit RDAs and guidelines to those that can be translated to vegan and other vegetarian diets, has been a more recent entry into the discussions. Such human value issues suggest that a set of RDAs or of nutrition guidelines is analogous to and may be considered to be an ethic. An ethic is a theory reached via the method of reflective equil. that is a coherent ordered triple set of beliefs: a set of considered moral judgments, a set of moral principles, and a set of relevant scientific background theories. The reasoning, however, can become circular and unsound when the considered moral judgments, moral principles and relevant background are not independent sources of information. If they are mixed or, for example, an intuition is mistaken for a scientific conclusion, the reasoning can be flawed.
Indexing -- Section 18-7 (Animal Nutrition)
Animal nutrition
Diet
(interests and values in the recommended dietary allowances and nutritional guidelines for Americans)
nutrition recommended dietary allowance
5. Verhagen H; Rauma A L; Torronen R; de Vogel N; Bruijntjes-Rozier G C; Drevo M A; Bogaards J J; Mykkanen H Effect of a vegan diet on biomarkers of chemoprevention in females. Human & experimental toxicology (1996), 15(10), 821-5.
1. In order to study the potential beneficial effects of a vegan diet, a cross-sectional study was performed and several biomarkers of chemoprevention were measured in a population of female 'living food' eaters ('vegans'; n = 20) vs matched omnivorous controls (n = 20). 2. White blood cells obtained from fresh blood samples were subjected to the single-cell gel-electrophoresis assay. There was no statistically significant difference between the vegans and controls in the parameters 'tail length' and 'tail moment'. However, the 'tail moment' was significantly lower in a subset of the vegans (i.e.in those who did not use any vitamin and/or mineral supplements). 3. Fresh blood samples were exposed in vitro to the mutagen mitomycin C just prior to culturing. After culturing the number of binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei was scored. There was no difference between the controls and vegans in the incidence of baseline micronuclei, nor in the number of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei. However, a significant correlation (r = -0.64, P < 0.01) between the number of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase was found in the vegans. The number of baseline micronuclei increased with age in both groups. These findings may be of biological relevance. 4. The content of glutathione-S-transferase-alpha in plasma was not different between the vegans (n = 12) and controls (n = 12). 5. The present data indicate a few differences in biomarkers of chemopreventive potential in strict vegans vs matched omnivorous controls. The significance of these changes as biologically relevant indicators of beneficial effects of vegan diets in humans needs to be determined in studies with a larger number of subjects.
Check Tags: Female
Aging: BL, blood
*Antibiotics, Antineoplastic: TO, toxicity
Cells, Cultured
Chemoprevention
Cross-Sectional Studies
DNA Damage: DE, drug effects
DNA Damage: GE, genetics
DNA, Single-Stranded
Electrophoresis
Erythrocytes: DE, drug effects
Erythrocytes: EN, enzymology
Glutathione Transferase: BL, blood
Leukocytes: CY, cytology
*Leukocytes: DE, drug effects
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective: DE, drug effects
*Mitomycin: TO, toxicity
Superoxide Dismutase: BL, blood
50-07-7 (Mitomycin)
0 (Antibiotics, Antineoplastic)
0 (DNA, Single-Stranded)
EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
6. Rauma, A.-L.; Rautio, A.; Pasanen, M.; Pelkonen, O.; Torronen, R.; Mykkanen, H. Coumarin 7-hydroxylation in long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1996), 50(1/2), 133-137.
Coumarin 7-hydroxylation was investigated in 21 Finnish vegans (20 females, one male) consuming a strict, uncooked vegan diet (living food diet) and in their matched omnivorous controls, by means of an in vivo coumarin test. A capsule contg. 5 mg of coumarin (VenalotÒ) was taken after an overnight fast, and urine samples were collected before and 2, 4 and 6 h after the drug administration. The extent and rate of urinary excretion of 7-hydroxycoumarin was detd. using HPLC. The total urinary excretion of 7-hydroxycoumarin during 6 h was 58 (range 23-85) and 64 (range 39-92)% of the administered dose in the vegan and control groups. The coumarin index (excretion of 7-hydroxycoumarin during the first 2 h as percentage of total excretion) was 72% in the vegan and 78% in the control groups. A neg. correlation was obsd. between the coumarin index and the consumption of wheatgrass juice by the vegans (r= -0.60, P < 0.01, n = 21). Proportion of slow hydroxylators (excreting 7-hydroxycoumarin after 4 h) was not statistically different between the groups (5/21 in the vegans vs. 8/20 in the controls). According to the present study, the clearly different dietary patterns and nutrient intakes between the vegans and the omnivores resulted in similar extent and rate of 7-hydroxycoumarin formation, indicating only a minor effect on coumarin hydroxylase (CYP2A6) activity by the plant substances in the uncooked vegan diet.
Indexing -- Section 1-2 (Pharmacology)
(vegetarian, coumarin 7-hydroxylation in long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet)
9035-51-2, Cytochrome P 450, biological studies
Role: BPR (Biological process); BSU (Biological study, unclassified); BIOL (Biological study); PROC (Process)
(2A6; coumarin 7-hydroxylation in long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet)
91-64-5, Coumarin
(coumarin 7-hydroxylation in long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet)
39401-02-0, Coumarin 7-hydroxylase
(cytochrome P 4502A6-dependent; coumarin 7-hydroxylation in long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet)
coumarin metab vegan diet; hydroxylase coumarin vegan diet; cytochrome P 4502A6 vegan diet
7. Van Dusseldorp, Marijke; Arts, Ilja C. W.; Bergsma, Jolanda S.; De Jong, Nynke; Dagnelie, Pieter C.; Van Staveren, Wija A. Catch-up growth in children fed a macrobiotic diet in early childhood. Journal of Nutrition (1996), 126(12), 2977-2983.
To study the relationship between diet and growth, a longitudinal anthropometric study was conducted in a Dutch population consuming a macrobiotic diet. Measurements (anthropometry and food habit questionnaire) were taken in 1985 (0-7 y), 1987, and in 1993 (7-16 yr, n = 209). Z-scores were calcd. for anthropometric measures and changes expressed as the differences between 1993 and the mean of 1985 and 1987. Anal. indicated significant (P < 0.002) catch-up in height [(mean Z-score ± SEM) + 0.59 ± 0.07] and arm circumference (+0.34 ± 0.09) for age (boys and girls combined). In 1993, both girls and boys were still significantly (P < 0.05) below the ref. for height and sum of four skinfolds for age, and girls were below ref. for wt.-for-height and arm circumference for age. In girls, multiple regression analyses showed a significant pos. effect of the consumption frequency of dairy products on catch-up growth in height, wt. and arm circumference, after adjustment for menarche, age, and baseline height, wt. and arm circumference (P < 0.05). The addn. of moderate amts. of dairy products to a vegan type of diet improved growth of children, esp. girls.
Development, mammalian postnatal
Nutrition, animal
(catch-up growth in children fed a macrobiotic diet in early childhood)
(child; catch-up growth in children fed a macrobiotic diet in early childhood)
(macrobiotic; catch-up growth in children fed a macrobiotic diet in early childhood)
macrobiotic diet growth children
Citations
Allen, L; Eur J Clin Nutr 1994, 48(suppl 1), S75
American Academy Of Pediatrics Committee On Nutrition; Pediatrics 1977, 59, 460
Dagnelie, P; Eur J Clin Nutr 1994, 48, S103
Dagnelie, P; Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59, S1187
Dagnelie, P; Eur J Clin Nutr 1988, 42, 1007
Deurenberg, P; Br J Nutr 1990, 63, 293
Dreizen, S; J Pediatr 1967, 70, 256
Dwyer, J; Am J Clin Nutr 1983, 37, 815
Dwyer, J; J Am Diet Assoc 1980, 77, 434
Gerver, W; Doctoral thesis, Groningen State University 1988
Kulin, H; Am J Clin Nutr 1982, 36, 527
Kushi, M; The book of macro-biotics, the universal way of health, happiness and peace 1987
Michaelsen, K; Eur J Clin Nutr 1995, 49, 467
Roberts, I; Br Med J 1979, 1, 296
Robson, J; Pediatrics 1974, 53, 326
Roede, M; Tijdschr Soc Gezondheidsz 1985, 63(suppl), 1
Sas Institute Inc; SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th ed 1989
Smeets, F; Tijdschr Soc Gezondheidsz 1992, 70, 227
Tanner, J; Arch Dis Child 1975, 50, 142
Tirapegui, J; Clin Sci (Lond) 1994, 87, 599
van Staveren, W; J Am Diet Assoc 1985, 85, 1579
Waterlow, J; Eur J Clin Nutr 1994, 48(suppl 1), S72
Weststrate, J; Int J Obes 1989, 13, 465
Yayha, Z; Clin Sci (Lond) 1994, 87, 213
Young, V; Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59(suppl), S1203
8. Tate A R; Watson D; Eglen S; Arvanitis T N; Thomas E L; Bell J D Automated feature extraction for the classification of human in vivo 13C NMR spectra using statistical pattern recognition and wavelets. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (1996), 35(6), 834-40.
If magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is to become a useful tool in clinical medicine, it will be necessary to find reliable methods for analyzing and classifying MRS data. Automated methods are desirable because they can remove user bias and can deal with large amounts of data, allowing the use of all the available information. In this study, techniques for automatically extracting features for the classification of MRS in vivo data are investigated. Among the techniques used were wavelets, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant function analysis. These techniques were tested on a set of 75 in vivo 13C spectra of human adipose tissue from subjects from three different dietary groups (vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore). It was found that it was possible to assign automatically 94% of the vegans and omnivores to their correct dietary groups, without the need for explicit identification or measurement of peaks.
Adipose Tissue
Diet, Vegetarian
*Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: MT, methods
*Pattern Recognition, Automated
*Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
9. Thomas, E. L.; Frost, G.; Barnard, M. L.; Bryant, D. J.; Taylor-Robinson, S. D...
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