Bibligrafia: Dieta wegańska Rastafarianizm
2003-2004
1. Cuevas Montes de Oca Francisco; Pulido Munoz Marco Antonio; Rodriguez Rocha Fidel; Campos Campos Francisco; Garcia Sanchez Morelos Adolfo; Torres Alpizar Arturo Wegener's granulomatosis of the colon. Case report and review of the literature. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (2003), 68(3), 215-8.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis is not very common and it is associated with colonic affection is extremely rare. It was first described by Klinger, and by Wegener in 1936. It is a systemic clinico-pathologic entity to be mediated by immune mechanisms. The most common clinical manifestations are of respiratory, renal, and vascular origins. Diagnosis is histologic. OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a clinical case and literature revision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patient was a 46 year old male who vegan 3 years previously with symmetrical arthralgia in ankles and knees, cough, purulent expectoration, intermittend fever, occasional moderated hematoquezia, profuse diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The patient was subjected to laboratory and cabinet studies, by means of which it was established a diagnosis secondary colitis colonic mucosa. Definitive histopathologic study confirmed diagnosis of colonic Wegener's granulomatosis.
Controlled Terms
Check Tags: Male
*Colitis: ET, etiology
Colitis: PA, pathology
Colitis: TH, therapy
Diarrhea: ET, etiology
Diarrhea: PA, pathology
Diarrhea: TH, therapy
Humans
Immunosuppressive Agents: TU, therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Sigmoidoscopy
Treatment Outcome
*Wegener Granulomatosis: CO, complications
Wegener Granulomatosis: PA, pathology
Wegener Granulomatosis: TH, therapy
Chemical Names
0 (Immunosuppressive Agents)
2. Herrmann, Wolfgang; Schorr, Heike; Obeid, Rima; Geisel, Juergen. Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003), 78(1), 131-136.
Vegetarians have a lower intake of vitamin B-12 than do omnivores. Early and reliable diagnosis of vitamin B-12 deficiency is very important. The objective was to investigate vitamin B-12 status in vegetarians and nonvegetarians. The study cohort included 66 lactovegetarians or lactoovovegetarians (LV-LOV group), 29 vegans, and 79 omnivorcs. Total vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin II, and total homocysteine concns. were assayed in serum. Of the 3 groups, the vegans had the lowest vitamin B-12 status. In subjects who did not consume vitamins, low holotranscobalamin II (<35 pmol/L) was found in 11% of the omnivores, 77% of the LV-LOV group, and 92% of the vegans. Elevated methylmalonic acid (>271 nmol/L) was found in 5% of the omnivores, 68% of the LV-LOV group, and 83% of the vegans. Hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 mmol/L) was present in 16% of the omnivores, 38% of the LV-LOV group, and 67% of the vegans. The correlation between holotranscobalamin II and vitamin B-12 was weak in the low serum vitamin B-12 range (r = 0.403) and strong in the high serum vitamin B-12 range (r = 0.769). Holotranscobalamin II concn. was the main determinant of total homocysteine concn. in the vegetarians (b = -0.237, P < 0.001). Vitamin B-12 deficiency led to hyperhomocysteinemia that was not probable in the upper folate range (>42.0 nmol/L). Vegan subjects and, to a lesser degree, subjects in the LV-LOV group had metabolic features indicating vitamin B-12 deficiency that led to a substantial increase in total homocysteine concns. Vitamin B-12 status should be monitored in vegetarians. Health aspects of vegetarianism should be considered in the light of possible damaging effects arising from vitamin B-12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia.
Indexing -- Section 14-14 (Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry)
Section cross-reference(s): 13, 18
Diet
(vegetarian; vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin II and total homocysteine concns. in serum of vegetarians)
Human
(vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin II and total homocysteine concns. in serum of vegetarians)
6027-13-0, Homocysteine
Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified); BIOL (Biological study)
(hyperhomocysteinemia; vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin II and total homocysteine concns. in serum of vegetarians)
59-30-3, Folic acid, biological studies
68-19-9, Vitamin B-12
516-05-2, Methylmalonic acid
388089-63-2, Holotranscobalamin II
Supplementary Terms
vitamin B12 deficiency hyperhomocysteinemia methylmalonic acid holotranscobalamin vegetarianism
Citations
1) Richter, V; Nutr Res 1999, 19, 545
2) Rauma, A; Nutrition 2000, 16, 111
3) Thorogood, M; BMJ 1990, 300, 1297
4) Mann, J; Heart 1997, 78, 450
5) Key, T; BMJ 1996, 313, 775
6) Ness, A; Int J Epidemiol 1997, 26, 1
7) Dwyer, J; Annu Rev Nutr 1991, 11, 61
8) Herrmann, W; Clin Chem 2001, 47, 1094
9) Herbert, V; Am J Clin Nutr 1988, 48, 852
10) Alexander, D; Eur J Clin Nutr 1994, 48, 538
11) Schneede, J; Pediatr Res 1994, 36, 194
12) Herbert, V; Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59(suppl), 1213S
13) Weir, D; Br Med Bull 1999, 55, 669
14) Ulleland, M; Clin Chem 2002, 48, 526
15) Carmel, R; Clin Chem 2002, 48, 407
16) Hvas, A; J Intern Med 2000, 247, 507
17) Herrmann, W; Eur J Clin Invest 2000, 30, 1083
18) Herrmann, W; Clin Chem Lab Med 2001, 39, 739
19) Lindgren, A; Eur J Clin Invest 1999, 29, 321
20) Allen, R; Metabolism 1993, 42, 978
21) Stabler, S; Blood 1993, 81, 3404
22) Carmel, R; Clin Lab Haematol 2001, 23, 365
23) Lindenbaum, J; Am J Hematol 1990, 34, 99
24) Refsum, H; Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 74, 233
25) Liaugaudas, G; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001, 21, 849
26) Scott, J; Lancet 1981, 2, 337
27) Herrmann, W; Atherosclerosis 2003, 166, 143
28) Cooper, B; Blood 1964, 24, 502
29) Obeid, R; Eur J Haematol 2002, 69, 275
30) Spivak, J; Arch Intern Med 1982, 142, 2111
31) Graham, I; JAMA 1997, 277, 1775
32) Rothenberg, S; Semin Hematol 1999, 36, 65
3. Berkoff Nancy Vegetarian and vegan meal planning. Diabetes self-management (2003), 20(3), 56-9, 63, 65 passim.
*Diet, Vegetarian
Dietary Proteins: AD, administration & dosage
Guidelines
Menu Planning
Nutrition Policy
0 (Dietary Proteins)
4. Larsson Christel L; Ronnlund Ulla; Johansson Gunnar; Dahlgren Lars Veganism as status passage: the process of becoming a vegan among youths in Sweden. Appetite (2003), 41(1), 61-7.
In a town in northern Sweden, 3.3% of the 15-year-old adolescents were vegans in 1996. This study describes the process of becoming a vegan among adolescents and interprets the informants' descriptions by constructing categories, which later on were related to relevant theories. Group interviews were conducted with three vegans and in-depth interviews were performed with three other vegan adolescents. The methodology was grounded theory and the adolescents' perceptions were analyzed in the framework of symbolic interactionism. Three types of vegans were identified: the Conformed Vegan, the Organized Vegan, and the Individualistic Vegan. The decision to become a vegan was reported to be influenced by perceived internal reasons such as ethics, health, distaste for meat, and preference for vegetarian food. In addition, friends, family, school, media, and music influenced the decision to become a vegan. The perceived consequences of becoming a vegan were positive as well as negative and differed between the three types of vegans. Veganism as a new type of status passage with specific characteristics was illustrated. No modifications or new properties were discovered that add to the theory of status passage which indicates that the general model is applicable also in a vegan context.
Check Tags: Female; Male
Adolescent
Adult
*Diet, Vegetarian: PX, psychology
Interviews
*Life Change Events
Perception: PH, physiology
Social Perception
Socialization
Sweden
5. Shaikh M G; Anderson J M; Hall S K; Jackson M A Transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to a maternal vegan diet. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM (2003), 16(1), 111-3.
Iodine is an important constituent of thyroid hormones and deficiency can lead to a range of problems depending on the degree and at what stage of life the deficiency occurs. We report a 10 day-old infant with a goitre, who presented with raised TSH on dried blood spot screening. It was observed that her mother also had a goitre. The mother was a vegan and, on dietary assessment, her iodine intake was extremely low. Both mother and infant had abnormal thyroid function tests. Mother was given Lugol's iodine and her thyroid function tests normalised. Her baby was initially prescribed thyroxine on the basis of the raised screening TSH. This was subsequently withdrawn at the age of 2 weeks, following a normal plasma TSH. Thyroid function tests remained normal and the goitre disappeared by the age of 2 months. Iodine deficiency is uncommon in the Western World. However the incidence may be rising in otherwise iodine replete areas, particularly in those who adhere to restrictive and unusual diets. In the case of pregnant mothers their unborn child's health is in danger. This report demonstrates the need to ascertain maternal diets early in antenatal care, and supplement if necessary to avoid risk to their own health and that of their offspring.
Check Tags: Female
*Diet, Vegetarian: AE, adverse effects
Goiter: BL, blood
Goiter: CI, chemically induced
Goiter: DT, drug therapy
Hypothyroidism: BL, blood
Hypothyroidism: DT, drug therapy
*Hypothyroidism: ET, etiology
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Newborn, Diseases: BL, blood
*Infant, Newborn, Diseases: ET, etiology
Pregnancy
*Prenatal Nutrition Physiology
Thyrotropin: BL, blood
Thyroxine: TU, therapeutic use
Registry Numbers
7488-70-2 (Thyroxine)
9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin)
6. Anonymous Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Vegetarian diets. Journal of the American Dietetic Association (2003), 103(6), 748-65.
It is the position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada that appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Approximately 2.5% of adults in the United States and 4% of adults in Canada follow vegetarian diets. A vegetarian diet is defined as one that does not include meat, fish, or fowl. Interest in vegetarianism appears to be increasing, with many restaurants and college foodservices offering vegetarian meals routinely. Substantial growth in sales of foods attractive to vegetarians has occurred, and these foods appear in many supermarkets. This position paper reviews the current scientific data related to key nutrients for vegetarians, including protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, vitamin A, n-3 fatty acids, and iodine. A vegetarian, including vegan, diet can meet current recommendations for all of these nutrients. In some cases, use of fortified foods or supplements can be helpful in meeting recommendations for individual nutrients. Well-planned vegan and other types of vegetarian diets are appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Vegetarian diets offer a number of nutritional benefits, including lower levels of saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein as well as higher levels of carbohydrates, fiber, magnesium, potassium, folate, and antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and phytochemicals. Vegetarians have been reported to have lower body mass indices than nonvegetarians, as well as lower rates of death from ischemic heart disease; vegetarians also show lower blood cholesterol levels; lower blood pressure; and lower rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and prostate and colon cancer. Although a number of federally funded and institutional feeding programs can accommodate vegetarians, few have foods suitable for vegans at this time.
Because of the variability of dietary practices among vegetarians, individual assessment of dietary intakes of vegetarians is required. Dietetics professionals have a responsibility to support and encourage those who express an interest in consuming a vegetarian diet. They can play key roles in educating vegetarian clients about food sources of specific nutrients, food purchase and preparation, and any dietary modifications that may be necessary to meet individual needs. Menu planning for vegetarians can be simplified by use of a food guide that specifies food groups and serving sizes.
Aged
Canada
Child
Child, Preschool
Chronic Disease: TH, therapy
*Dietetics
Infant
Minerals: AD, administration & dosage
Nutrition Physiology
Nutritional Requirements
Societies
United States
Vitamins: AD, administration & dosage
0 (Minerals)
0 (Vitamins)
7. Anonymous Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: vegetarian diets. Canadian journal of dietetic practice and research : a publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en dietetique : une publication des Dietetistes du Canada (2003), 64(2), 62-81.
It is the position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada that appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Approximately 2.5% of adults in the United States and 4% of adults in Canada follow vegetarian diets. A vegetarian diet is defined as one that does not include meat, fish, or fowl. Interest in vegetarianism appears to be increasing, with many restaurants and college foodservices offering vegetarian meals routinely. Substantial growth in sales of foods attractive to vegetarians has occurred and these foods appear in many supermarkets. This position paper reviews the current scientific data related to key nutrients for vegetarians including protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, vitamin A, n-3 fatty acids, and iodine. A vegetarian, including vegan, diet can meet current recommendations for all of these nutrients. In some cases, use of fortified foods or supplements can be helpful in meeting recommendations for individual nutrients. Well-planned vegan and other types of vegetarian diets are appropriate for all stages of the life-cycle including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Vegetarian diets offer a number of nutritional benefits including lower levels of saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein as well as higher levels of carbohydrates, fibre, magnesium, potassium, folate, antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, and phytochemicals. Vegetarians have been reported to have lower body mass indices than non-vegetarians, as well as lower rates of death from ischemic heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, and lower rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and prostate and colon cancer. While a number of federally funded and institutional feeding programs can accommodate vegetarians, few have foods suitable for vegans at this time.
8. Li D; Sinclair A J Plasma coagulation factor VII activity and its correlates in healthy men. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition (2003), 12 Suppl S20.
Background - Previous studies have provided evidence showing that increased coagulation factors and impaired fibrinolysis system are important predictors of cardiovascular disease. Elevated plasma coagulation factor VII activity (VII) have been claimed to be an important independent risk factor for occlusive vascular disease. Objective - To investigate the relationship between plasma VII and individual fatty acid concentration in plasma phospholipid (PL). Design - Cross-sectional study, consisting of 139 aged 20-55 years healthy men were recruited from Melbourne, each volunteer completed semi-FFQ and gave a blood sample. According to their habitual dietary intake, they were divided into four groups: vegan (n=18), ovolacto vegetarians (n=43), moderate-meat-eaters (n=60) and high-meat-eaters (n=18). Outcomes: Both vegans and ovolacto vegetarians had lower plasma VII than omnivores. In the stepwise regression, plasma VII was used as a dependent variable, and 20 factors that were significantly correlated with plasma VII in age-adjusted bivariate analysis (P< 0.01) were used as independent variables. The two most important variables of plasma VII were selected in the model with R(2)=0.465 and P<0.0001; these were prothrombin time and plasma PL 18:0 concentration, standard coefficient were -0.603 and +0.191, respectively. Conclusions - The present results indicate that both ovolacto vegetarians and vegans have a lower plasma VII compared with omnivores. Despite the correlation between plasma PL 18:0 concentration and VII is not a causal relation, previous studies have implicated diet total fat intake is a contributor to rased plasma VII.
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