quickstudy - weights and measures.pdf - różne książki po angielsku - dawid1051

BarCharts, Inc. ®

WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE

BASIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

All measurement is derived from seven basic units and is described interna-

tionally as the Systéme International d’Unitiés (SI) or sometimes referred to

as SI-metric. These basic units are:

VOLUME (LIQUID)

Unit

Abbr SI/Metric

Imperial

Barrel (US) fluid

bbl

26.2 gal (UK)

31.5 gal*

Ampere

Electric Current

Dram (US)

3.697 ml

.125 oz

Candela

Luminosity (intensity of light)

Gill (¹⁄v UK pint)

.142 L

4.8038 oz

Kelvin

Thermodynamic Temperature

Gallon (UK)

gal

4.546 L

1.201 gal

Kilogram

Weight (mass)

Gallon (US)

gal

3.785 L

4 qt

Meter (Metre)

Length

1.057 qt

Ounce, fluid (UK) oz .028 L .96 oz

Ounce, fluid (US) oz .02957 L 2 tbs

Pint (UK) pt 1.2 pt (US) 19.2 oz

Pint (US) pt .833 pt (UK) 16 oz

Quart qt .946 L 2 pt

*A barrel may be recognized by different liquid sizes in different states and

for different substances. Sizes may be stated in gallons, cubic inches or

weight. See notes on page 2.

.001 m 3

Mole

mol

Substance (molecule)

Second

Time

LENGTH

Unit

Abbr SI/metric

Imperial

Angstrom

.0001 µ (10 -10 )

.000,000,004 in

Cable

219.456 m

120 fathoms/720 ft

Centimeter

.01 m

.3937 in

Chain (Gunter’s/surveyor’s)

chG

20.1168 m

66 feet/4 rods

VOLUME (DRY)

Chain (Ramden’s/engineer’s) chR

30.48 m

100 ft

Decimeter

.1 m

3.937 in

Dekameter

dam

10 m

32.8 ft

Unit

Abbr SI/Metric

Imperial

Fathom

1.83 m

6 ft

Cubic centimeter

cm 3

1,000 mm 3

.061 in 3

Foot

.3048 m

12 in

Cubic foot

ft 3

.02832 m 3

1,728 in 3

Furlong

fur

201.168 m

¹⁄, statute mi

Cubic inch

in 3

16.387 cm 3

–

Hand (horse’s height)

–

10.16 cm

4 in

Stere (cubic meter)

1 m 3

1.3 yd 3

Inch

2.54 cm

–

Cubic yard

yd 3

.7646 m 3

27 ft 3

Kilometer

1,000 m

.621 mi

League

–

4.8 km

3 statute mi

WEIGHT

Link (Gunter’s)

–

.201 m

7.92 in

Link (Ramden’s)

–

.305 m

12 in

Unit

Abbr SI/Metric

Imperial

Meter

–

39.37 in

Dram (avdp)

dr (avdp)

1.772 g

.0625 oz

Micrometer (Micron)

.001 mm

3.9370x10 -5 in

Grain

.0648 g

.00229 oz

Mile (statute/land)

1.609 km

5,280 ft

Gram

.001 kg

.03527 oz

Mile (nautical/sea)

nmi

1.85 km

6076.11549 ft

Kilogram

1,000 g

2.2 lb

Millimeter

.001 m

.03937 in

Milligram

.001 g

.00003 oz

Mil

mil

.0254 mm

.001 in

Ounce (avdp)

.0280 kg

.0625 lb

Point (type size)

–

.353 mm

.0138 in

Ounce (troy)

oz tr

.03 kg

1.0971 oz

Pica (type size)

–

4 mm

12 points (.1668 in)

Pennyweight

dwt

1.555 g

.05486 oz

Rod

5.029 m

16.5 ft

Yard

.9144 m

3 ft

Pound (avdp)

.454 kg

16 oz

Stone

6.35 kg

14 lb

AREA

Ton (long or British)

1,016 kg

2,240 lb

Tonne (metric)

1,000 kg

2204.6 lb

Unit

Abbr SI/metric

Imperial

Ton (short)

sh t

907.18 kg

2,000 lb

Acre

4,047 m 2

43,560 ft 2

NUMERICAL

PREFIXES

SI PREFIXES

Are

100 m 2

1076.39 ft 2

Hectare

10,000 m 2

2.471 A

Factor

Prefix

Symbol

cm 2

100 mm 2

.155 in 2

Square centimeter

1 / 10

Deci

10 24

yotta-

Square foot

ft 2

.0929 m 2

144 in 2

10 21

zetta-

1 / 2

Semi, hemi, demi

Square inch

in 2

6.4516 cm 2

10 18

exa-

Square kilometer

km 2

1,000,000 m 2

.386 mi 2

Uni

10 15

peta-

Square meter

m 2

10,000 cm 2

10.764 ft 2

Bi, di

10 12

tera-

10 9

giga-

Square mile

mi 2

2.59 km 2

640 A

Tri, ter

10 6

mega-

Square millimeter

mm 2

–

.00155 in 2

Tetra, tetr, quadri

10 3

kilo-

Square rod

rd 2

25.293 m 2

272.25 ft 2

Penta, quint

10 2

hecto-

Square yard

yd 2

.836 m 2

9 ft 2

deka-

Sex, hex, hexa

10 -1

deci-

ENERGY

Hept, sept, septo

10 -2

centi-

Oct, octo

10 -3

milli-

Unit

Abbr

Equivalent

10 -6

micro-

µ or r

Non, ennea

10 -9

nano-

British Thermal Unit

Btu

.0002929 Kw

Dec, deca, deka

10 -12

pico-

Calorie (@15.5˚c)

cal 15

4.1858 J

Hendeca, undeca

10 -15

femto-

Horsepower (mechanical)

746 watts

10 -18

atto-

Dodeca

Joule (absolute)

.7376 ft/lbs

10 -21

zepto-

Kilowatt

1.341 HP

Quindeca

10 -24

yocto-

Liter

LENGTH

AREA

LIQUID

CAPACITY

UK & US Gallons

UK gal x 1.201 = US gal

US gal x .833 = UK gal

DRY

CAPACITY

Cubic Centimeters &

Cubic Inches

cm 3 x .061 = in 3

in 3 x 16.387 = cm 3

WEIGHT

Centimeters & Inches

cm x .394 = in

in x 2.54 = cm

Sq. Centimeters & Sq. In.

cm 2 x .155 = in 2

in 2 x 6.452 = cm 2

Grains (gr) & Grams (g)

gr x .065 = g

g x 15.432 = gr

Centimeters & Millimeters

cm x 10 = mm

mm x .1 = cm

Sq. Meters & Sq. Chains (G)*

m 2 x .0025 = ch 2

ch 2 x 404.686 = m 2

UK & US Quarts

UK qt x 1.201 = US qt

US qt x .833 = UK qt

Cubic Inches &

Cubic Feet

in 3 x .000579 = ft 3

ft 3 x 1,728 = in 3

Drams (avdp) * & Ounces (avdp)

dr (avdp) x .062 = oz (avdp)

oz (avdp) x 16 = dr (avdp)

Pennyweight & Grams

dwt x 1.5552 = g

g x .643 = dwt

Centimeters & Picas

cm x 2.371 = picas

picas x .4233 = cm

Sq. Rods & Sq. Chains (G)*

rd 2 x 625 = ch 2 (G)

ch 2 x 16 = rd 2

UK & US Pints

UK pt x 1.201 = US pt

US pt x .833 = UK pt

Cubic Feet &

Cubic Yards

ft 3 x .037 = yd 3

yd 3 x 27 = ft 3

Centimeters & Points

cm x 28.4528 = points

points x .0351 = cm

Sq. Chains & Acres

ch 2 (G) x .1 = A

A x 10 = ch 2 (G)

UK & US Ounces

UK oz x .961 = US oz

US oz x 1.041 = UK oz

Grams & Ounces (US)

g x .035 = oz

oz x 28.349 = g

Cubic Meters &

Cubic Yards

m 3 x 1.308 = yd 3

yd 3 x .765 = m 3

Millimeters & Inches

mm x .0394 = in

in x 25.4 = mm

Millimeters & Micrometers

(Microns)

mm x 1,000 = µ

µ x .001 = mm

Meters & Chains (G)

m x .04971 = ch

ch x 20.117 = m

Sq. Chains (G)* & Sq. Feet

ch 2 (G) x 4,356 = ft 2

ft 2 x .00023 = ch 2 (G)

UK Gallons & Liters

UK gal x 4.546 = L

L x .220 = UK gal

Ounces (troy) & Grains

oz tr x 480 = gr

gr x .00208 = oz tr

Ounces (troy) & Grams

oz tr x 31.103 = g

g x .032 = oz tr

Hectares & Sq. Miles

ha x .0039 = mi 2

mi 2 x 258.999 = ha

UK Quarts & Liters

UK qt x 1.137 = L

L x .880 = UK qt

Cubic Meters &

Cubic Feet

m 3 x 35.315 = ft 3

ft 3 x .028 = m 3

Ounces (troy) & Ounces (avdp)

oz tr x 1.097 = oz (avdp)

oz (avdp) x .911 = oz tr

Hectares & Acres

ha x 2.471 = A

A x .405 = ha

UK Pints & Liters

UK pt x .568 = L

L x 1.760 = UK pt

Pints & Quarts

pt x .5 = qt

qt x 2 = pt

Meters & Fathoms

m x .547 = fm

fm x 1.83 = m

Ounces (avdp) & Pounds (avdp)

oz (avdp) x .0625 = lb (avdp)

lb (avdp) x 16 = oz (avdp)

Acres & Sq. Miles

A x .00156 = mi 2

mi 2 x 640 = A

UK Ounces & Milliliters

UK oz x 28.413 = ml

ml x .035 = UK oz

Meters & Feet

m x 3.281 = ft

ft x .305 = m

Quarts & Pecks

qt x .125 = pk

pk x 8 = qt

Milligrams & Grains

mg x .015 = gr

gr x 64.799 = mg

Sq. Kilometers & Sq. Miles

km 2 x .386 = mi 2

mi 2 x 2.590 = km 2

US Gallons & Liters

US gal x 3.785 = L

L x .264 = US gal

Meters & Yards

m x 1.094 = yd

yd x .914 = m

Pecks (US) &

Bushels (US)

pk x .25 = bu

bu x 4 = pk

Grains & Carats

gr x .32399 = c

c x 3.0865 = gr

Sq. Meters & Acres

m 2 x .000247 = A

A x 4046.856 = m 2

US Quarts & Liters

US qt x .947 = L

L x 1.056 = US qt

Meters & Furlongs

m x .005 = fur

fur x 201.17 = m

Bushels (US) &

Barrels (US)*

bu x .0305 = bbl

bbl x 3.281 = bu

Grams & Carats (metric)

g x 5 = c (metric)

c (metric) x .2 = g

Sq. Meters & Hectares

m 2 x .0001 = ha

ha x 10,000 = m 2

US Pints & Liters

US pt x .473 = L

L x 2.113 = US pt

Chains (G)* & Feet

ch x 66 = ft

ft x .015 = ch

Milligrams & Carats (metric)

mg x .005 = c (metric)

c (metric) x 200 = mg

Bushels (UK) &

Bushels (US)

bu (US) x .969 = bu (UK)

bu (UK) x 1.032 = bu (US)

Sq. Meters & Sq. Feet

m 2 x 10.764 = ft 2

ft 2 x .093 = m 2

US Ounces & Liters

US oz x .03 = L

Liter x 33.8 = US oz

Chains (G)* & Rods

ch x 4 = rd

rd x .25 = ch

Chains (G)* & Yards

ch x 22 = yd

yd x .455 = ch

Pounds & Kilograms

lb x .454 = kg

kg x 2.205 = lb

* A barrel is not the same con-

tainer as a steel drum , which

typically holds 55 gallons (US).

Barrels come in different sizes

based on their contents, as

defined by various statutes.

Oil = 42 gal

Beer = 31 gal (US)

Beer = 50 liters (Europe)

Dry Goods = 7,056 in 3

Cranberries = 5,826 in 3

Flour = 196 lbs.

Cornmeal = 200 lbs.

Cement = 376 lbs.

Lime = 280 lbs.

Sq. Meters & Sq. Yards

m 2 x 1.196 = yd 2

yd 2 x .836 = m 2

US Ounces & Milliliters

US oz x 29.572 = ml

ml x .034 = US oz

Tons (long) & Pounds (avdp)

lt x 2,240 = lbs (avdp)

lbs (avdp) x .0004464 = lt

Fathoms & Feet

fa x 6 = ft

ft x .167 = fa

Sq. Meters & Sq. Rods

m 2 x .03954 = rd 2

rd 2 x 25.293 = m 2

Gills (US) & Ounces (US)

gi x 4 = oz

oz x .25 = gi

Tons (short) & Pounds (avdp)

sht x 2,000 = lbs (avdp)

lbs (avdp) x .0005 = sht

Kilometers & Feet

km x 3280.84 = ft

ft x (3.048 x 10 –4 ) = km

Sq. Yards & Sq. Feet

yd 2 x 9 = ft 2

ft 2 x .1111 = yd 2

Gills (US) & Cubic Centimeters

gi x 118.29 = cc

cc x .00845 = gi

Tonnes (metric) & Pounds (avdp)

t x 2204.62 = lbs (avdp)

lbs (avdp) x .0004536 = t

Kilometers & Yards

km x 1093.6 = yd

yd x .00091 = km

*(G) = Gunter’s

or surveyor’s chain

Gills (UK) & Cubic Centimeters

gi x 142.065 = cc

cc x .00704 = gi

*avdp = avoirdupois

(from French), meaning “goods

of weight”

Kilometers & Statute Miles

km x .621 = mi

mi x 1.609 = km

KITCHEN LIQUID MEASURES

1 gal 4 qt 8 pt 16 cups 128 fl oz 3.79L

¹⁄x gal 2 qt 4 pt 8 cups 64 fl oz 1.89L

¹⁄v gal 1 qt 2 pt 4 cups 32 fl oz .95L

¹⁄x qt 1 pt 2 cups 16 fl oz .47L

¹⁄v qt ¹⁄x pt 1 cup

KITCHEN DRY MEASURES

1 cup

8 fl oz

16 Tbs

48 tsp 237 ml

Kilometers & Nautical Miles

km x .540 = n mi

n mi x 1.852 = km

³⁄v cup

6 fl oz

12 Tbs

36 tsp 177 ml

²⁄c cup

5¹⁄c fl oz

10²⁄c Tbs

32 tsp 158 ml

¹⁄x cup

4 fl oz

8 Tbs

24 tsp

118 ml

Nautical Miles & Statute Miles

n mi x 1.15 = s mi

s mi x .869 = n mi

8 fl oz .24L

¹⁄c cup

2 ²⁄c fl oz

5¹⁄c Tbs

16 tsp

79 ml

¹⁄x cup

4 fl oz .12L 8 Tbs 24 tsp

¹⁄v cup

2 fl oz

4 Tbs

12 tsp

59 ml

¹⁄v cup

2 fl oz .06L 4 Tbs 12 tsp

¹⁄, cup

1 fl oz

2 Tbs

6 tsp

30 ml

*(G) = Gunter’s or

surveyor’s chain

¹⁄, cup

1 fl oz .03L 2 Tbs 6 tsp

¹⁄x fl oz .015L 1 Tbs 3 tsp

¹⁄zn cup

¹⁄x fl oz

1 Tbs

3 tsp

15 ml

¹⁄v, cup

¹⁄n fl oz

¹⁄c Tbs

1 tsp

5 ml

LUMBER SIZES

Nominal

COMMON NAILS

Actual (dry)

Actual (green)

60d

inches inches

inches

THICKNESS

50d

³⁄v

²B⁄cx

1¹⁄v

1¹⁄cx

1¹⁄x

1¹⁄v

1>⁄cx

40d

1¹⁄x

1>⁄zn

2¹⁄x

2¹⁄zn

30d

2¹⁄x

2>⁄zn

3¹⁄x

3¹⁄zn

20d

3¹⁄x

3>⁄zn

4¹⁄x

102

4¹⁄zn

103

16d

5¹⁄x

140

5>⁄zn

141

12d

7¹⁄x

191

7>⁄zn

194

WIDTH

10d

1¹⁄x

1>⁄zn

2¹⁄x

2>⁄zn

3¹⁄x

3>⁄zn

4¹⁄x

114

4B⁄,

117

5¹⁄x

140

5B⁄,

143

6¹⁄x

165

6B⁄,

168

7¹⁄v

184

7¹⁄x

190

8¹⁄v

210

8¹⁄x

216

9¹⁄v

235

9¹⁄x

241

10¹⁄v

260

10¹⁄x

267

11¹⁄v

286

11¹⁄x

292

13¹⁄v

337

13¹⁄x

343

15¹⁄v

387

15¹⁄x

394

NOT TO SCALE

GEOMETRY

BOLT GRADES

LENGTH

Rectangle

Area (A) = Width (w) x Height (h)

SAE Strength Standard Markings

Stove Bolt

Strongest

Weakest

Hex Bolt

Carriage Bolt

Triangle

Area (A) = ¹⁄x Base (b) x Height (h)

Machine Screw

0, 1 & 2

Bolt to Screw

Bolt to Bolt

NOTE: There is no “4” grade.

Pythagorean Theorem:

If a right triangle has hypotenuse

c 2 = a 2 + b 2

PILOT

HOLE

SIZES

STANDARD WOOD SCREWS

LENGTH IN INCHES

¹⁄zn ¹⁄nv ¹⁄c

B⁄nv ¹⁄cx ¹⁄cx

³⁄cx ¹⁄cx ³⁄nv

M⁄nv ³⁄nv ¹⁄zn

¹⁄, ¹⁄zn B⁄nv

B⁄cx ¹⁄zn ³⁄cx

¹¹⁄nv B⁄nv ³⁄cx

³⁄zn B⁄nv M⁄nv

³⁄zn ³⁄cx M⁄nv

¹³⁄nv ³⁄cx ¹⁄,

M⁄cx M⁄nv ¹⁄,

¹⁄v M⁄nv >⁄nv

¹M⁄nv >⁄nv B⁄cx

¹>⁄nv >⁄nv ³⁄zn

²¹⁄n ¹¹⁄nv ¹³⁄nv

³⁄, ³⁄zn M⁄cx

¹⁄v ³⁄, ¹⁄x B⁄, ³⁄v M⁄, 1 1¹⁄v 1¹⁄x 1³⁄v 2 2¹⁄v 2¹⁄x 2³⁄v 3 3¹⁄x 4 4¹⁄x 5

Trapezoid

Area (A) = (a+b) x h

Circle

Area (A) = r 2

Circumference (C) = 2 r

= 3.1416 r= radius

Cone

Volume (V) = r 2 h

Area of curved surface:

A = r Ã r 2 +h 2

Sphere

Volume (V) = 4 r 3

Surface Area: A = 4 r 2

Right Cylinder

Volume (V) = r 2 h

Lateral surface area (A) = 2 rh

Common Sizes

Some Availability

FAHRENHEIT-TO-CELSIUS CONVERSION

˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C

-50

-45.6 -26 -32.2

-2

-18.9

-5.5

7.8

21.1

34.4 118 47.8 142

61.1 166 74.4 190 87.8

-49

-45.0 -25 -31.7

-1

-18.3

-5.0

8.3

21.7

35.0 119 48.3 143

61.7 167 75.0 191 88.3

-48

-44.4 -24 -31.1

-17.8

-4.4

8.9

22.2

35.5 120 48.9 144

62.2 168 75.5 192 88.9

-47

-43.9 -23 -30.6

-17.2

-3.9

9.4

22.8

36.1 121 49.4 145

62.8 169 76.1 193 89.4

-46

-43.3 -22 -30.0

-16.7

-3.3

10.0

23.3

36.7 122 50.0 146

63.3 170 76.7 194 90.0

-45

-42.8 -21 -29.4

-16.1

-2.8

10.5

23.9

37.2 123 50.5 147

63.9 171 77.2 195 90.5

-44

-42.2 -20 -28.9

-15.5

-2.2

11.1

24.4 100

37.8 124 51.1 148

64.4 172 77.8 196 91.1

-43

-41.7 -19 -28.3

-15.0

-1.7

11.7

25.0 101

38.3 125 51.7 149

65.0 173 78.3 197 91.7

-42

-41.1 -18 -27.8

-14.4

-1.1

12.2

25.5 102

38.9 126 52.2 150

65.5 174 78.9 198 92.2

-41

-40.6 -17 -27.2

-13.9

-0.5

12.8

26.1 103

39.4 127 52.8 151

66.1 175 79.4 199 92.8

-40

-40.0 -16 -26.7

-13.3

0.0

13.3

26.7 104

40.0 128 53.3 152

66.7 176 80.0 200 93.3

-39

-39.4 -15 -26.1

-12.8

0.5

13.9

27.2 105

40.5 129 53.9 153

67.2 177 80.5 201 93.9

-38

-38.9 -14 -25.6

-12.2

1.1

14.4

27.8 106

41.1 130 54.4 154

67.8 178 81.1 202 94.4

-37

-38.3 -13 -25.0

-11.6

1.7

15.0

28.3 107

41.7 131 55.0 155

68.3 179 81.7 203 95.0

-36

-37.8 -12 -24.4

-11.1

2.2

15.5

28.9 108

42.2 132 55.5 156

68.9 180 82.2 204 95.5

-35

-37.2 -11 -23.9

-10.5

2.8

16.1

29.4 109

42.8 133 56.1 157

69.4 181 82.8 205 96.1

-34

-36.7 -10 -23.3

-10.0

3.3

16.7

30.0 110

43.3 134 56.7 158

70.0 182 83.3 206 96.7

-33

-36.1 -9

-22.8

-9.4

3.9

17.2

30.5 111

43.9 135 57.2 159

70.5 183 83.9 207 97.2

-32

-35.6 -8

-22.2

-8.9

4.4

17.8

31.1 112

44.4 136 57.8 160

71.1 184 84.4 208 97.8

-31

-35.0 -7

-21.7

-8.3

5.0

18.3

31.7 113

45.0 137 58.3 161

71.7 185 85.0 209 98.3

-30

-34.4 -6

-21.1

-7.8

5.5

18.9

32.2 114

45.5 138 58.9 162

72.2 186 85.5 210 98.9

-29

-33.9 -5

-20.6

-7.2

6.1

19.4

32.8 115

46.1 139 59.4 163

72.8 187 86.1 211 99.4

-28

-33.3 -4

-20.0

-6.7

6.7

20.0

33.3 116

46.7 140 60.0 164

73.3 188 86.7 212 100.0

-27

-32.8 -3

-19.4

-6.1

7.2

20.5

33.9 117

47.2 141 60.5 165

73.9 189 87.2

(T F - 32)/1.8 = T C

T C X 1.8 + 32 = T F

WIND CHILL INDEX (˚F) REVISED 2001

0 mph 40˚ 35˚ 30˚ 25˚ 20˚ 15˚ 10˚ 5˚ 0˚ -5˚ -10˚ -15˚ -20˚ -25˚ -30˚ -35˚ -40˚ -45˚

5 mph 36 31 25 19 13 7 1 -5 -11 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -52 -57 -63

10 mph 34 27 21 15 9 3 -4 -10 -16 -22 -28 -35 -41 -47 -53 -59 -66 -72

15 mph 32 25 19 13 6 0 -7 -13 -19 -26 -32 -39 -45 -51 -58 -64 -71 -77

20 mph 30 24 17 11 4 -2 -9 -15 -22 -29 -35 -42 -48 -55 -61 -68 -74 -81

25 mph 29 23 16 9 3 -4 -11 -17 -24 -31 -37 -44 -51 -58 -64 -71 -78 -84

30 mph 28 22 15 8 1 -5 -12 -19 -26 -33 -39 -46 -53 -60 -67 -73 -80 -87

35 mph 28 21 14 7 0 -7 -14 -21 -27 -34 -41 -48 -55 -62 -69 -76 -52 -89

40 mph 27 20 13 6 -1 -8 -15 -22 -29 -36 -43 -50 -57 -64 -71 -78 -84 -91

45 mph 26 19 12 5 -2 -9 -16 -23 -30 -37 -44 -51 -58 -65 -72 -79 -86 -93

50 mph 26 19 12 4 -3 -10 -17 -24 -31 -38 -45 -52 -60 -67 -74 -81 -88 -95

WINDCHILL (˚F) = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75(V 0.16 ) + 0.4275T(V 0.16 ) V = WIND SPEED (mph) T (˚F) = AIR TEMP.

HEAT INDEX

CURRENT TEMPERATURE ˚F

0˚

SAFFIR-SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE

BEAUFORT WIND SCALE

CAT. IN. MERCURY MILLIBARS WIND/KPH WIND/MPH WIND/KNOTS SURGE/FT

DAMAGE LIKELY

WIND SPEED

> 28.94

> 980

119-153

74-95

64-82

4-5

Minimal . Broken trees, shrubs and street signs. In-

water boat and mobile home damage.

Moderate . Overturned mobile homes, downed trees,

shingles blown off and some signs down.

Extensive . Large trees down; signs, awnings and

windows broken. Mobile homes destroyed.

Extreme . Roofs blown off, building walls collapsed.

Storm surge near beach flooding homes.

Catastrophic . Concrete structures damaged. Small

structures and cars overturned and blown away.

KPH

MPH KNOTS

DESCRIPTION

calm

28.50-28.91 965-979

154-177

96-110

83-95

6-8

1 - 5

1 - 3

light air

27.91-28.47 945-964

178-209

111-130

96-113

9-12

6 - 11

4 - 7

4 - 6

light breeze

27.17-27.88 920-944

210-249

131-155

114-135

13-18

12 - 19

8 - 12

7 - 10

gentle breeze

< 27.17

< 920

> 249

> 155

> 135

> 18

20 - 28 13 - 18 11 - 16

moderate breeze

29 - 38 19 - 24 17 - 21

fresh breeze

SUN TANNING INDEX

SKIN PROTECTION FACTOR # TO USE

FUJITA-PEARSON

TORNADO SCALE REVISED 2007

39 - 49 25 - 31 22 - 27

strong breeze

S MALL C RAFT

A DVISORY

50 - 61 32 - 38 28 - 33

near gale

CLASS

KPH

MPH

DAMAGE LIKELY

TYPE SKIN REACTION

EXAMPLES

SPF#

62 - 74 39 - 46 34 - 40

gale

F 0

64 - 116

40 - 72

light

G ALE

W ARNING

Tans little or not at all,

always burns easily &

severely, then peels

Usually burns easily &

severely; tans minimally

& lightly, also peels

Burns moderately, gains

average tan

People with fair skin, blue

eyes, freckles, white,

unexposed skin

People with fair skin, blue

or hazel eyes, blonde or

red hair

Average caucasian

F 1 117 - 180

73 - 112

moderate

75 - 88 47 - 54 41 - 47

strong gale

20-30

F 2 181 - 253

113 - 157

considerable

89 - 102 55 - 63 48 - 55

storm

S TORM

W ARNING

F 3 254 - 332

158 - 207

severe

103 - 117 64 - 72 56 - 63

violent storm

12-20

F 4 333 - 419

208 - 260

devastating

F 5 420 - 512

261 - 318

incredible

> 118

> 73

> 64

hurricane

H URRICANE W ARNING

8-10

ULTRAVIOLET

INDEX

Price: U.S. $4.95 / CAN. $7.50

free downloads &

hundreds of titles at

quickstudy.com

Burns minimally, tans

easily & above average

with each exposure

Rarely burns, tans easily

& substantially

People with light brown

skin, dark brown hair,

dark eyes

Brown-skinned persons

5-8

VALUE EXPOSURE

0 - 2

Minimal

ISBN-13: 978-142320710-8

ISBN-10: 142320710-6

3 - 4

Low

in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,

recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written per-

5 - 6

Moderate

7 - 9

High

Tans profusely & never

burns

Black-skinned persons

> 10

Very High

Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522

quickstudy - weights and measures.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: