The Human Rights Encyclopedia. Vol. 1.pdf

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HUMAN
RIGHTS
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
T H E
T H E
HUMAN
RIGHTS
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
Volume One
Foreword by Aung San Suu Kyi
Winner of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize
JAMES R.LEWIS
U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n a t S t e v e n s Po i n t
CARL SKUTSCH
S c h o o l o f V i s u a l A r t s , N e w Yo r k , N Y
S
SHARPE REFERENCE
an imprint of M .E.Sharpe,Inc.
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Appendix
2-1125
SHARPE REFERENCE
Sharpe Reference is an imprint of
M
. E. Sharpe, INC .
.E. Sharpe, INC .
80 Business Park Drive
Armonk, NY 10504
© 2001 by
M
.E. Sharpe, INC .
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the copyright holders.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lewis, James R.
The human rights encyclopedia / James R. Lewis, Carl Skutsch.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7656-8023-8 (set ; alk. paper)
1. Human rights—Encyclopedias. I. Skutsch, Carl. II. Title
JC571.L523 2000
323 .03—dc21
99-048341
Printed and bound in the United States of America
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z 39.48-1984.
BM () 0987654321
M
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v
Contents
VOLUME ONE
Chad ................................................................................ 117
Chile ............................................................................... 121
China ............................................................................... 125
Colombia ........................................................................ 133
Comoros ......................................................................... 137
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire) ................... 139
Congo, Republic of the ................................................... 143
Costa Rica ....................................................................... 146
Côte d’Ivoire ................................................................... 150
Croatia ............................................................................ 154
Cuba ................................................................................ 157
Cyprus ............................................................................. 162
Czech Republic ............................................................... 165
Denmark ......................................................................... 169
Djibouti ........................................................................... 171
Dominican Republic ....................................................... 174
Ecuador ........................................................................... 178
Egypt .............................................................................. 181
El Salvador ..................................................................... 186
Equatorial Guinea ........................................................... 190
Eritrea ............................................................................. 194
Estonia ............................................................................ 198
Ethiopia ........................................................................... 201
Fiji ................................................................................... 205
Finland ............................................................................ 207
France ............................................................................. 209
Gabon ............................................................................. 212
Gambia ........................................................................... 215
Georgia ........................................................................... 218
Germany ......................................................................... 221
Ghana .............................................................................. 224
Greece ............................................................................. 228
Grenada .......................................................................... 231
Guatemala ....................................................................... 233
Guinea ............................................................................. 237
Guinea-Bissau ................................................................. 240
Guyana ............................................................................ 243
Haiti ................................................................................ 246
Honduras ........................................................................ 249
Hungary .......................................................................... 253
Iceland ............................................................................ 255
India ................................................................................ 258
Indonesia ........................................................................ 264
Iran .................................................................................. 270
The Editors and Contributors ............................................ ix
Foreword ........................................................................... xi
Acknowledgements ......................................................... xiii
Introduction ...................................................................... xv
SECTION I: COUNTRIES
Afghanistan ........................................................................ 3
Albania ............................................................................... 7
Algeria .............................................................................. 11
Angola .............................................................................. 19
Antigua and Barbuda ........................................................ 22
Argentina .......................................................................... 24
Armenia ............................................................................ 28
Australia ........................................................................... 32
Austria .............................................................................. 37
Azerbaijan ......................................................................... 39
Bahamas ........................................................................... 42
Bahrain ............................................................................. 44
Bangladesh ....................................................................... 48
Barbados ........................................................................... 53
Belarus .............................................................................. 55
Belgium ............................................................................ 58
Belize ................................................................................ 61
Benin ................................................................................. 64
Bhutan ............................................................................... 66
Bolivia .............................................................................. 70
Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................... 74
Botswana .......................................................................... 79
Brazil ................................................................................ 82
Brunei ............................................................................... 86
Bulgaria ............................................................................ 89
Burkina Faso ..................................................................... 94
Burundi ............................................................................. 97
Cambodia ........................................................................ 100
Cameroon ....................................................................... 105
Canada ............................................................................ 109
Cape Verde ...................................................................... 112
Central African Republic ................................................ 114
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