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Alternative Water Treatment
(5)
(5)
Alternative
disinfectants
disinfectants
(3)
(3)
Lecture
4
4 Î
Reminder
Reminder
Disinfection
of
of
water
water
by
by
using
using
Solar
Solar
Irradiation
Irradiation
SODIS Î
sum
sum-
up
up
Problems
in
in
application
application
Examples
Î
Semester
Semester
essay
essay Î
subjects
subjects
and
and
principles
principles
1
Alternative Water Treatment
Alternative
Î
Lecture
Î
Disinfection
¡
SODIS
¡
Problems
¡
Examples
disinfection
Purposes
Purposes
of
of
investigations
investigations
countries
Î
Implementation
Implementation
of
of
non
non-
chemical
chemical
means
means
(no
(no
by
by-
products
products
recognized
);
);
/trekking;
¡
Developing
Developing
countries
countries
and
and
remote
remote
areas
areas:
No
chemicals
chemicals
needed
needed;
Î
Lack
of
toxicity
toxicity
and
and/
or
or
explosion
explosion
No
electricity
electricity
consumption
consumption;
Relatively
simple
simple
,
,
sustainable
sustainable
solution
solution;
Î
Applicable
in
crisis
crisis
situations
situations
2
Solar
disinfection
Solar
Developed
countries
¡
Developed
recognized
Î
Tourism
Tourism
/trekking;
Î
No
Lack
of
Î
No
Î
Relatively
Applicable
in
Solar
disinfection
disinfection
Pre-
requisites
requisites
CLARIFICATION Î
either
either
by
by
rapid
rapid
filtration
filtration
or
or
by
by
coagulation
coagulation (
please
please
note
this
this
point
point
during
during
lecture
lecture
5);
5);
AERATION (
Oxygenation
Oxygenation
)
) Î
by
by
occasional
occasional
mixing
mixing
before
before
and
and
during
during
treatment (
e.g
e.g
.
.
Turbulent
Turbulent
flow
flow)
ILLUMINATION Î
as
as
long
long
as
as
possible
possible
¡
It
is
NOT
NOT
disinfection
disinfection
with
with
the
the
use
use
of
of
solar
solar
cells
cells
to
to
produce
produce
electrical
electrical
energy
3
Solar
Pre
¡
CLARIFICATION
note
¡
AERATION (
treatment
¡
ILLUMINATION
It
is
disinfection
General
General
principles
principles
4
Solar
disinfection
Solar
disinfection
SODIS system
SODIS system Î
general
general
issues
issues
Elaborated in Swiss institute EAWAG, recommended for remote
under developed countries;
under developed countries;
¡
May be applied by tourists
May be applied by tourists
¡
Simple
Simple
technology
technology
useful
useful
for
for
treatment
treatment
of
of
small
small
quantities
quantities
of
of
water
water
Applies
two
two (
synergic
synergic
)
)
mechnisms
mechnisms:
Î
Radiation
in
the
the
spectrum
spectrum
of
of
UV
UV-A (
Wavelength
Wavelength
320
320-
400
400
nm
nm
);
);
Increased
water
water
temperature
temperature
5
Solar
disinfection
Solar
¡
Elaborated in Swiss institute EAWAG, recommended for remote
¡
Applies
Radiation
in
Î
Increased
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