J.Grossman, J.Matsurnura, R.Steeb - Analysis of Air-Based Mechanization and Vertical Envelopment Concepts and Technologies.pdf - aeronautyka - arturb1985

PREFACE

This document summarizes research conducted in 1998 by the RAND

Arroyo Center on an exploration and assessment of the ability to insert

mechanized forces in enemy-controlled terrain. We specifically

investigated the use of tilt-rotor aircraft for vertical envelopment

concepts, with particular emphasis on survivability implications and

the potential enabling role that technology can play. The vertical

envelopment concept used for this study was that of rapid deployment

of an air-mechanized Army After Next (AAN) battle force into ambush

positions against the second echelon of an invading Red force. The

work involved the application of high-resolution, force-on-force

simulation for the quantitative analysis. Although the research was

conducted prior to the Army’s current transformation efforts and used

a conventional Russian-based threat, it can still provide useful insights

into some of the challenges of tomorrow’s nonlinear battlespace. The

results of the research should be of interest to defense policymakers,

concept and materiel developers, and technologists.

We note that the air-mechanized (air-mech) battle force design and

employment concept used in this study represented the work of the

AAN study project in the FY96–98 timeframe and has no relationship to

the current “Air–Mech” concepts proposed by BG (ret.) David Grange

and others.* The “battle force” was a notional design construct used by

AAN to analyze possible future organizational constructs without the

constraints of current unit paradigms. The air-mech concept explored

was the organic capability, within a battle force, to air maneuver both

troops and medium-weight combat systems at both tactical and

operational depths. TRADOC’s Army Transformation Study,

Wargaming, and Analysis effort has replaced the idea of organic

operational airlift of systems with a more general-purpose capability

for external lift assets (Army and/or joint) to enable operational

maneuver by Objective Force units.

____________

*David Grange et al., Air-Mech-Strike: 3-Dimensional Phalanx; Full-Spectrum Maneuver

Warfare to Doinate the 21st Century, Paducah, KY: Turner Publications, August 2000.

iii

We also note that the term “vertical envelopment” as used in this report

means the use of rotorcraft (including tilt-rotor aircraft) to vertically

insert a battle force to conduct an offensive maneuver in which the

main attacking force passes around or over the enemy’s principal

defensive positions to secure objectives to the enemy’s rear. Today,

vertical envelopment includes other than purely “vertical” means (i.e.,

SSTOL) and could clearly involve other forms of maneuver

(infiltration, turning movement). TRADOC has also recognized the

inherent risks in directly attacking enemy air and ground defenses

(risks described in this document) and has acknowledged the need for

indirect approaches and offset landings, using the ground maneuver

capability of the Objective Force to close with the enemy after the air

maneuver.

This work was conducted for the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine

Command and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for

Acquisition, Logistics and Technology, within the Force Development

and Technology Program of RAND Arroyo Center. The Arroyo Center

is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by

the United States Army.

For more information on RAND Arroyo Center, contact the Director of

Operations (telephone 310-393-0411, extension 6500; FAX 310-451-6952;

e-mail donnab@rand.org), or visit the Arroyo Center’s Web site at

http://www.rand.org/organization/ard/.

CONTENTS

Preface ...............................................

iii

Summary .............................................

vii

Abbreviations .........................................

xix

Sections

1. INTRODUCTION ................................

2. METHODOLOGY ................................

3. SCENARIO .....................................

4. AIR MANEUVER PHASE ..........................

5. GROUND COMBAT PHASE .......................

6. INSIGHTS ......................................

Bibliography ..........................................

SUMMARY

BACKGROUND

During General Dennis Reimer’s tenure as the Chief of Staff of the

Army (1996–2000), he tasked Training and Doctrine Command

(TRADOC) to “conduct broad studies of warfare to about the year 2025,

frame issues vital to the development of the U.S. Army after about 2010,

and provide issues to senior Army leadership in a format suitable for

integration into TRADOC combat development programs.” TRADOC

led a multi-agency study that investigated and assessed new concepts

for a highly “air-mobile” mechanized force in the 2015–2025 time frame.

The Army After Next (AAN) AR 5-5 study was an exploratory process,

one that investigated and assessed new ideas for helping shape the far

future of the U.S. Army. Arguably, the most visible and identifiable

aspect of the AAN process was the annual strategic and operational-

level war game, held at the Army War College in Carlisle,

Pennsylvania. Prior to this major event, however, there were a number

of operational- and tactical-level activities and associated analyses that

helped provide greater analytic rigor to the AAN process. This

research, conducted in 1998, was one part of this process.

In the past, RAND has used high-resolution constructive simulation as

a tool to explore and assess the military utility of new warfighting

concepts and underlying, enabling technologies. The simulation tools

are useful for two primary reasons. First, and most apparent, the

simulation can be used to help quantify outcomes of highly complex

force-on-force interactions, which are driven by system-level inputs.

Through careful sensitivity and parametric analysis, these outcomes

can identify high-payoff, high-leverage areas of technology. Second,

simulation can provide context to warfighting concepts. By defining

force entities and laying out their associated battle plans on digitized

terrain, a simulation can provide many useful insights. Often, this

process helps to reshape and refine ideas on how such notional forces

vii

J.Grossman, J.Matsurnura, R.Steeb - Analysis of Air-Based Mechanization and Vertical Envelopment Concepts and Technologies.pdf

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