ac_motors.pdf
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Table of Contents
Introduction...............................................................................2
AC.Motors.................................................................................4
Force.and.Motion......................................................................6
AC.Motor.Construction............................................................ 2
Magnetism.............................................................................. 7
Electromagnetism................................................................... 9
Developing.a.Rotating.Magnetic.Field.....................................24
Rotor.Rotation.........................................................................29
Motor.Specifications...............................................................34
NEMA.Motor.Characteristics..................................................37
Derating.Factors......................................................................43
AC.Motors.and.AC.Drives.......................................................45
Matching.Motors.to.the.Load..................................................49
Motor.Enclosures....................................................................53
Mounting.................................................................................56
Siemens.AC.Induction.Motors................................................6
Review.Answers.....................................................................72
Final.Exam...............................................................................73
quickSTEP.Online.Courses...................................................... 76
Introduction
Welcome.to.another.course.in.the.STEP.series,.
S
iemens.
T
echnical.
E
ducation.
P
rogram,.designed.to.prepare.our.
distributors.to.sell.Siemens.Energy.&.Automation.products.
more.effectively..This.course.covers.
Basics of AC Motors
.and.
related.products..
Upon.completion.of.
Basics of AC Motors
.you.should.be.able.
to:
•.
Explain.the.concepts.of.force,.inertia,.speed,.and.torque
•.
Explain.the.difference.between.work.and.power
•.
Describe.the.construction.of.a.squirrel.cage.AC.motor
•.
Describe.the.operation.of.a.rotating.magnetic.field
•.
Calculate.synchronous.speed,.slip,.and.rotor.speed
•.
Plot.starting.torque,.accelerating.torque,.breakdown.
torque,.and.full-load.torque.on.a.NEMA.torque.curve
•.
Apply.derating.factors.as.required.by.an.application
•.
Describe.the.relationship.between.V/Hz,.torque,.and.
horsepower
•.
Match.an.AC.motor.to.an.application.and.its.load
•.
Identify.NEMA.enclosures.and.mounting.configurations
•.
Describe.Siemens.NEMA,.IEC,.and.above.NEMA.motors
2
This.knowledge.will.help.you.better.understand.customer.
applications..In.addition,.you.will.be.better.able.to.describe.
products.to.customers.and.determine.important.differences.
between.products..You.should.complete.
Basics of Electricity
before.attempting.
Basics of AC Motors
..An.understanding.of.
many.of.the.concepts.covered.in.Basics.of.Electricity.is.required.
for.Basic.of.AC.Motors..
If.you.are.an.employee.of.a.Siemens.Energy.&.Automation.
authorized.distributor,.fill.out.the.final.exam.tear-out.card.and.
mail.in.the.card..We.will.mail.you.a.certificate.of.completion.if.
you.score.a.passing.grade..Good.luck.with.your.efforts.
Siemens.is.a.trademark.of.Siemens.AG..Product.names.
mentioned.may.be.trademarks.or.registered.trademarks.of.their.
respective.companies..Specifications.subject.to.change.without.
notice.
NEMA®.is.a.registered.trademark.and.service.mark.of.the.
National.Electrical.Manufacturers.Association,.Rosslyn,.VA.
22209.
Underwriters.Laboratories.Inc.®.and.UL®.are.registered.
trademarks.of.Underwriters.Laboratories.Inc.,.Northbrook,.IL.
60062-2096.
Other.trademarks.are.the.property.of.their.respective.owners.
3
AC Motors
AC motors
.are.used.worldwide.in.many.applications.to.
transform.electrical.energy.into.mechanical.energy..There.are.
many.types.of.AC.motors,.but.this.course.focuses.on.
three-
phase AC induction motors
,.the.most.common.type.of.motor.
used.in.industrial.applications..
An.AC.motor.of.this.type.may.be.part.of.a.pump.or.fan.or.
connected.to.some.other.form.of.mechanical.equipment.such.
as.a.winder,.conveyor,.or.mixer..Siemens.manufactures.a.wide.
variety.of.AC.motors..In.addition.to.providing.basic.information.
about.AC.motors.in.general,.this.course.also.includes.an.
overview.of.Siemens.AC.motors.
Winder
Pump
Conveyor
4
NEMA Motors
.
Throughout.this.course,.reference.is.made.to.the.
National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
..NEMA.
develops.standards.for.a.wide.range.of.electrical.products,.
including.AC.motors..For.example,.NEMA.Standard.Publication.
MG..covers.NEMA.frame.size.AC.motors,.commonly.referred.
to.as.NEMA.motors..
Above NEMA Motors
.
In.addition.to.manufacturing.NEMA.motors,.Siemens.also.
manufactures.motors.larger.than.the.largest.NEMA.frame.
size..These.motors.are.built.to.meet.specific.application.
requirements.and.are.commonly.referred.to.as
above NEMA
motors
.
IEC Motors
.
Siemens.also.manufactures.motors.to.
International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
.standards..IEC.is.another.
organization.responsible.for.electrical.standards..IEC.standards.
perform.the.same.function.as.NEMA.standards,.but.differ.
in.many.respects..In.many.countries,.electrical.equipment.
is.commonly.designed.to.comply.with.IEC.standards..In.the.
United.States,.although.IEC.motors.are.sometimes.used,.
NEMA.motors.are.more.common..Keep.in.mind,.however,.
that.many.U.S.-based.companies.build.products.for.export.to.
countries.that.follow.IEC.standards.
5
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