GURPS (4th ed.)-Tactical Shooting.pdf

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C ONTENTS

I NTRODUCTION

We observe a growing tendency to glorify the seamier aspects

of man-killing . . . [It is] at best and worst, a waste . . . Never shed

innocent blood. All your life people will come up with good

excuses why so-and-so ought to be shot . . . We suggest that if you

ever kill a man to keep him from killing you, be certain you are

indeed innocent . . .

Tactical Shooting supports believable TL5-8 campaigns

involving the use of handheld firearms, such as those

enabled by GURPS Cops, Covert Ops, Mysteries, Old West,

SEALs in Vietnam, Special Ops, SWAT, and WWII. It can

also be applied to fictional or downright unrealistic settings,

including GURPS Action, Autoduel, Cyberpunk, Horror,

Infinite Worlds, Reign of Steel, Steampunk, Technomancer,

Traveller, and WWII: Weird War II.

– William Cassidy, Quick or Dead (1978)

GURPS Tactical Shooting is about realistic shooting . . . at

least,asrealisticasitcanbeina game. Itaddsconsiderabletech-

nical detail and color to many aspects already dealt with in the

GURPS Basic Set, explaining how things are done – and why –

in real life and in the game. This book provides new shooting

styles and adds new perks and techniques, just as GURPS

Martial Arts didforrealistichand-to-handcombat.Inaddition,

Tactical Shooting covers the sound selection and wise applica-

tion of tactical tools, including information on how to choose

your firearm, ammunition, and accessories, and provides new

orbetterusesforgunsandgearfoundinotherbooks,especially

GURPS High-Tech. It even addresses many urban legends and

mythssurroundingfirearmsuse. Tactical Shooting is not about

cinematic gunplay – for that, turn to GURPS Gun Fu.

Bushido is all very well in its

way, but it is no match for a .30-06.

– Jeff Cooper,

Commentaries (1999)

P UBLICATION H ISTORY

Some material concerning weapon handling,

perks, and techniques, was expanded from

GURPS High-Tech (2007), as written by S.A.

Fisher and Hans-Christian Vortisch. The

generic Point-Shooting style was based on the

more specific Fairbairn-Sykes Handgun

Shooting style in Hans-Christian Vortisch’s

GURPS Martial Arts: Fairbairn Close

Combat Systems (2008),asweresomerules.A

few perks were first introduced in Sean

Punch’s GURPS Power-Ups 2: Perks (2008).

Still more rules were adapted from GURPS

Gun Fu (2009), authored by S.A. Fisher, Sean

Punch, and Hans-Christian Vortisch.

About GURPS

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errata, updates, Q&A, and much more. To discuss GURPS with our

staffandyourfellowgamers,visitourforumsat forums.sjgames.com .

The web page for GURPS Tactical Shooting can be found at

gurps.sjgames.com/tacticalshooting .

Bibliographies. Many of our books have extensive bibliographies,

and we’re putting them online – with links to let you buy the resources

that interest you! Go to each book’s web page and look for the “Bibli-

ography” link.

Errata. Everyone makes mistakes, including us – but we do our best

tofixourerrors.Up-to-dateerratapagesforall GURPS releases,includ-

ing this book, are available on our website – see above.

Rulesandstatisticsinthisbookarespecificallyforthe GURPS Basic

Set, Fourth Edition. PagereferencesthatbeginwithBrefertothatbook,

not this one.

A BOUT THE A UTHOR

Hans-Christian “Grey Tiger” Vortisch, M.A.,

began writing for GURPS as a freelancer in

2001. He was author or co-author of GURPS

Covert Ops; High-Tech, Fourth Edition;

Modern Firepower; Special Ops, Third

Edition; and WWII: Motor Pool; as well as

many e23 publications on martial topics. He

has written additional material for numerous

other GURPS books; authored, translated,

edited, or contributed to several German Call

of Cthulhu products;andpublishedmanyarti-

cles in American, British, and German gaming

magazines.Hanshasbeenanavidgamersince

1983.Hisnon-gaminginterestsincludescience

fiction, history, cinema, and punk rock. He

shoots in Berlin.

I NTRODUCTION

L OCK AND L OAD

A man should know how to handle a gun, use it with

discretion.

This supplement defines “tactical shooting” as realistic,

no-nonsense shooting in combat situations, as opposed to

cinematic gunplay or target practice. While GURPS can han-

dle a wide range of play styles, its rules for ranged combat

and firearms tend to yield fairly realistic results (with some

minor simplifications for ease of play). Tactical Shooting

expands on this, with additional rules and examples for those

looking for grittier realism in their gunfights. This is about

more than just pulling the trigger; it encompasses how to

sight, how to stand and move, how and when to fire, how to

hit, and what happens if you do.

Specifically, Tactical Shooting focuses on gunfights

betweenindividualsorsmallgroups,asopposedtoshootingin

formation or indirect machine gun fire. The military some-

times calls this “minor tactics.” It’s about shootouts between

sheriffs and outlaws, cops and criminals, armed citizens and

robbers, secret agents and counterspies, and small military

units of about squad size – in short, the overwhelming major-

ity of firefights occurring in games. While most of the exam-

ples and equipment cover TL6-8, many of the rules and

guidelines also work at TL5, and likely at TL9 as well.

– “J.B.” Books, The Shootist

Realistic firearms tactics can enhance your campaign’s

believability. As a life-or-death matter, they’ll add excitement,

too– if everyoneatthegamingtableunderstandswhyandhow

they’re used.

W HAT I S

T ACTICAL S HOOTING ?

Tactics (pl.). In warfare, the art and science of fighting battles

. . . It is concerned with the approach to combat; . . . the use made

of various arms; . . . and the execution of movements for attack

or defense . . . Tactics can be generally understood as the prob-

lems encountered in actual fighting. Tactical thinking attempts to

coordinate personnel with the existing weapons technology and

apply both the terrain and enemy forces in such a way that the

weapons available to a fighting force are used to best advantage.

– The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (2003)

Tactical Terms

backup gun (BUG): A holdout weapon (usually with Bulk

-1) that is carried as backup to larger primary armament.

can: Colloquial term for a sound suppressor (pp. 70-71),

often preferred over the imprecise “silencer.”

center of mass (COM): Thetorsoistheprimaryhitlocation

(p. B398) for most tactical shooting.

double-tap: Atwo-shotattacktothesamehitlocation(p.15).

Harries stance: A shooting stance using the off hand, which

holdsaflashlight,tobraceahandgunduringfiring(p.19).

Isosceles stance: One of several stances using the off hand

to steady a handgun during firing (p. 12).

Mozambique drill: A double-tap tothe center of mass orster-

num (torso or vitals hit location) and a third round to the

brain (skull hit location). See pp. 15-16.

New York reload: “Reloading” by transitioning from an

empty primary firearm to a backup gun (p. 14). The Fast-

Draw (Pistol) skill helps (p. 42).

peeling: Retreating to the side and rear while a teammate

gives cover fire (pp. 22-23).

tactical reload: Replacing a partially emptied magazine in a

convenient moment to have a full magazine in the

weapon when needed (p. 20).

Weaver stance: One of several stances using the off-hand to

steady a handgun during firing (pp. 11-12).

H ISTORY OF

T ACTICAL S HOOTING

Self-defence requires rapid pistol shooting, and therefore

precludes a deliberate aim along the barrel.

– Baron Charles de Berenger, Helps and Hints

How to Protect Life and Property (1835)

People have fought with firearms for as long as they

have been available. However, tactical shooting as

describedinthisbookdidn’treallydeveloponalargescale

untilthelate19thcentury,whenindividualmarksmanship

became a battle-deciding factor.

Guerrilla fighters and skirmishers ( Age of Napoleon,

p.76)werethefirsttodeveloptacticalshootingskills–fir-

ing prone, from cover, or from other advantageous posi-

tions. As the 19th century advanced, the ability to aim at

and hit specific targets became more important, and indi-

vidual soldiers gradually gained more autonomy on the

battlefield. This coincided with the development of metal-

lic cartridges, smokeless propellants, sharpshooter rifles

(with telescopic sights), and the first real multiple-shot

firearms: the revolver, the repeating magazine rifle, and

the emerging machine gun.

The Age of Gunfighters in the late 19th century ( Old

West, p.81)sawtherefinementofclose-rangeshootingtac-

tics, including the quick-draw and instinctive pointing of

handguns. Simultaneously, many accessories were devel-

oped that catered to the tactical shooter, such as improved

holsters and slings.

L OCK AND L OAD

C HAPTER O NE

Combat shooting reached a new peak during the early 20th

century.ConflictssuchastheSecondAnglo-BoerWarandWWI

demonstrated the importance of highly trained riflemen, but

alsosawthewidespreaduseofautomaticfirearms.Militaryand

police shooting instructors began to analyze gunfights and

started thinking of ways to improve hit chances under stress

( Martial Arts: Fairbairn Close Combat Systems, p. 4). In

WWII,instructorssoughtwaystogiveshootersthebesttraining

and equipment available; numerous technological innovations

accompanied improved small-unit tactics ( WWII, p. 38).

The Cold War era brought further developments. Lessons

learned during WWII were reevaluated; some were discarded,

some improved upon. Military special operations units (see

Special Ops and SEALs in Vietnam ) and police SWAT teams

(see Cops and SWAT )appearedonalargescale,andwiththem

specialized requirements for skills, tactics, and equipment.

Today’s shooters theoretically have better training and

equipmentavailablethaneverbefore.Instructorsbuildoncur-

ricula developed over many years. Gun makers produce

firearms that are lighter, easier to use, more powerful, and

often cheaper than the best weapons available only a few

decadesago.Yetguns,ammo,andgadgetscanonlybeasgood

astheiruser;evenacentury-oldantiquemayhavebetterinher-

ent precision than its owner. A tactical shooter’s skill remains

the most important factor.

there are a number of factors to this (see My Carbine Sucks,

p. 61), one reason for the complaints seems to be that some

troops unrealistically expect opponents to drop with one shot,

like in the movies, regardless of actual shot placement!

The following is an eclectic selection of myths and legends

surrounding firearms and their use. Dispelling these is an

important step before delving into a realistic treatment of

gun use. Trained tactical shooters should probably not

believeinthem...thoughonemightmakeagoodquirk-level

Delusion (p. B164).

.50-Caliber Legalities

Evensomemembersofthemilitarybelievethatfiringa.50-

caliber machine gun or sniper rifle at a human target is illegal,

according to the Geneva Conventions of 1864/1949. This myth

iswidespread,butwrong.Theclosestapplicablelawisactually

the Hague Conventions on land warfare of 1899/1907 – which

doesn’t ban such use! Military manuals like The Commander’s

Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations (for the U.S. Navy,

Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) or the U.S. Army Military

Police’s Law of War spellthisoutexplicitly.Thesameistruefor

large-caliber autocannon and tank guns. Specific rules of

engagementmaydiffer–butthoseareabouttacticsandappro-

priateness of means, not law.

Practical shooting is the placing

of your bullets in a human target in

such a manner that said human

will be unable to shoot at you.

– J. Henry FitzGerald,

Shooting (1930)

Big-Bore Blowback

If you shoot a man with a .45 Colt and he doesn’t go down,

just walk around back of him and see what is holding him up.

– George Chandler, Shooting (1930)

Conventional “wisdom” has it that man can be knocked off

his feet by a powerful enough firearm. While these days most

people grudgingly concede that even a .45-caliber handgun

might not suffice, they insist that a shotgun will, due to the

“energy transfer.” Unfortunately, simple physics (specifically,

Newton’s third law of motion) stand in the way. A gun capable

of blowing people back like puppets would also throw the

shooter in the opposite direction with equal force . . . and that

just doesn’t happen.

The claims by some veterans of real firefights that their

opponents were “blown back” or “knocked down” doesn’t dis-

prove this. Imprecise choice of words or understandably

excitedexaggerationaside–eyewitnessesarenotoriouslyunre-

liable! – people often fall or stagger from surprise (p. B393),

shock(p.B419),stunning(p.B420),pain(p.B428),lackofbal-

ance,orsimilarreasons.Whenhitbyabullet,evenifyoudrop

dead instantly, you are as likely to fall forward as backward.

Contrast Cinematic Knockback (p. B417).

F IREARM M YTHS

AND L EGENDS

By the way, you know you can’t hit a human target with a .50-

caliber weapon, right? It’s in the Geneva Convention. So you hit

the gas tank on their vehicle, and they get blown the hell up, but

you can’t target some lonely guard . . .

– Anthony Swofford, Jarhead: A Marine’s Chronicle

of the Gulf War and other Battles (2003)

Firearmshavealwaysbeenthestuffoflegend.Althoughthe

famous 19th-century saying “God created men, Colonel Colt

made them equal” probably originated with Colt’s Patent Fire-

Arms Manufacturing Company as an advertisement ploy, peo-

plehavelongattributedspecialpropertiestocertainguns.Few

modernpeoplehaveevershotagun,muchlessaperson.These

days, most “gun knowledge” comes from books, films, the

Internet, and video games. Unsurprisingly, this means many

facts have become a bit blurred . . .

The resulting myths and legends are not confined to non-

shooters. Even professionals sometimes get things wrong – for

example, some combatants in recent conflicts have bemoaned

the “ineffectiveness” of the 5.56¥45mm NATO round. While

Cult of the .45

Obviously the difference in caliber between 9mm (.35 caliber)

and .45 caliber is quite great. This is the reason, we are told, that

the U.S. Army adopted the .45 caliber, although every other army

in the world seems to be more satisfied with the . . . 9mm . . . I

personally contend that hits are what count and if you can take

one weapon and make hits better with it, although it is of lighter

caliber than one [that uses] heavier cartridges (which is more dif-

ficult to shoot), it is advisable for the average man to adopt the

lighter weapon . . .

– Rex Applegate, “The Merits of

Various Types of Handguns” (1944)

L OCK AND L OAD

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