OG-AN.APG68v5.pdf

OG-APG68(V5)

03/06/2001

AN/APG – 68 (V5)

Operations Guide

This guide is written for eFalcon 109 – EPAF + Chevron patches enabled

Produced by

Stephen ‘HotDogOne’ French

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Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Air Target Modes - Common............................ 4

Azimuth ................................................................................................................. 6

Bar Scan ................................................................................................................ 7

Elevation Controls................................................................................................. 8

Range..................................................................................................................... 9

Target Acquisition Cursor ..................................................................................... 9

Search Altitude Display ........................................................................................ 9

Attitude Indicator .................................................................................................. 9

Jamming .............................................................................................................. 10

Weapon Specific Information ............................................................................. 10

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Range While Search........................................ 11

Target Tracks....................................................................................................... 12

Target Acquisition............................................................................................... 12

Target Histories ................................................................................................... 13

Range While Search – Situational Awareness Mode (RWS-SAM) ................... 14

Range While Search – Single Target Track ........................................................ 16

Collision Antenna Train Angle ........................................................................... 16

Why and When to use Range While Search ....................................................... 17

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Track While Scan............................................ 18

Expand Mode ...................................................................................................... 19

Why and When to use Track While Scan ........................................................... 20

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Velocity Search............................................... 21

What is VS useful for? ........................................................................................ 21

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Air Combat Manoeuvring ............................... 22

ACM – HUD ....................................................................................................... 22

ACM – Vertical Scan .......................................................................................... 23

ACM – BORE ..................................................................................................... 23

ACM – SLEW ..................................................................................................... 24

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Ground Target Modes ..................................... 25

The Ground Radar Display ................................................................................. 25

Radar Gain........................................................................................................... 26

Steerpoint Mode (STP)........................................................................................ 26

Snowplow Mode (SP) ......................................................................................... 27

Freeze Mode ........................................................................................................ 27

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation - Ground Mapping Mode ................................... 28

Expanded Field of View (FOV) options ............................................................. 28

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation - Ground Moving Target Mode......................... 30

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation - Ground Moving Target Mode......................... 31

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – SEA mode ....................................................... 32

AN/APG-68(V5) - Appendix ................................................................................. 33

Keyboard based Radar Controls Sorted By Key ................................................. 33

Keyboard based Radar Controls Sorted By Function ......................................... 34

Air Radar Modes Symbology.............................................................................. 35

Ground Radar Mode EXP options reference....................................................... 36

Acronyms Used in this Guide. ............................................................................ 37

Bibliography........................................................................................................ 38

Links.................................................................................................................... 38

Authors Ramblings.............................................................................................. 39

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Introduction

The AN/ APG-68(V5) is currently used in the Lockheed Martin F-16C aircraft.

The radar is a direct development of the AN/ APG-66 radar that was used in

earlier models of the F-16. I t is a pulse Doppler radar operating in the I / J

band and can operate four distinct frequencies out of a total of sixteen, and is

fully pilot selectable. Within the aircraft systems the AN/ APG-68(V5) is

referred to as the Fire Control Radar (FCR).

The AN/ APG-68(V5) consists of six Line-Replaceable Units (LRUs). These are:

antenna, transmitter, low-power Radio Frequency (RF) unit, programmable

signal processor (PSP), computer and control panel. The new PSP is based on

VHSI C technology, allowing a greater programmability and reliability than the

AN/ APG-66. The radar has six air target detection modes, and three ground

target detection modes.

Ground Target Detection Modes

Range While Search (RWS)

Ground Mapping (GM)

Track While Scan (TWS)

Ground Moving Target (GMT)

Velocity Search (VS)

Sea borne Target scan (SEA)

Air Combat Manoeuvring (ACM)

Situational Awareness Mode (SAM)

The AN/ APG-68(V5) can also operate low, medium and high PRF’s, to allow

greater discrimination of targets in lookdown or lookup situations.

I nformation from the radar returns is initially placed into a storage area called

the ‘bin’, this information is kept until the radar has enough information to be

sure that the return is actually a target. Target classification and screening is

also accomplished at this stage, screening to remove ground targets and

other unwanted returns. The system then passes the information to the PSP,

where it is interpreted and passed onto the Fire Control Computer (FCC). The

FCC in the F-16 receives this information, and displays the appropriate

information in the Radar MFD, and the HUD if required.

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Air Target Detection Modes

Single Target Track (STT)

OG-APG68(V5)

03/06/2001

AN/APG-68(V5) Mechanisation – Air Target Modes - Common

The operation of the AN/ APG-68(V5) is achieved through the Multi-function

displays and the radar controls on the HOTAS. The AN/ APG-68(V5) displays

radar returns using a ‘B’ scope, rather than the more standard classic arc style

of display. The differences between the two are shown below.

The pie scope is a very straight forward idea, it simply reproduces the radar

returns inside a representation of the horizontal (or vertical) coverage of the

radar. An aircraft is approaching on a collision course if it is moving towards

the point at the bottom, which represents your aircrafts nose. The AN/ APG-

68(V5) however uses the B scope in the air to air modes, this carries with it

the advantage that closer targets do not clutter the display, making it easier

to use in closer combat.

I n the diagrams above are three red triangle, these represent aircraft in

different situations. The one to the left is an aircraft at 30 of the nose, the

point on the triangle here is used to indicate the direction of the target. I n the

pie scope, it is pointing towards the point a the bottom of the radar view.

Notice on the B scope the contact points straight down to the bottom of the

radar screen, representing that the aircraft is coming straight at you. The

target in the centre is straight in front of the aircraft. I t is also pointing

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directly at the nose of your aircraft, note how the representation is identical in

both the Pie and B Scope display. Finally the target on the right is at 30 off

the nose, but this time to the right. The target is this time pointing away from

the nose of the aircraft, it is heading in the same direction as you are, so is

not facing your aircraft – the pointy end of the arrow faces away from the

bottom of the radar screens.

The AN/ APG-68(V5) can look 120 by 120 in front of the aircraft, it cannot

however cover all of this area at once, even if it could, it would not be very

useful because of the time that it would take to accomplish a full scan. To get

around this problem the radar allows you some control over where the radar

is pointing, and where it is scanning.

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