Learn Greek (1 Of 7) - The Greek Alphabet, Part I.pdf - język grecki - Mistra

1 The Greek Alphabet

1.0 Introduction listen

The NTGreek alphabet encompasses twenty-four individual letters. These letters

and their phonetic sounds are introduced in this lesson and further developed in

lessons two through five. Mastering the sight and sounds of the alphabet lays the

cornerstone for learning the sight and sounds of Greek words in all subsequent

lessons. The first and single most important step in learning New Testament

Greek is to memorize the sight and sounds of the alphabet. Students who do not

thoroughly learn the Greek alphabet are sowing the seed for future failure.

Studying the Greek alphabet (orthographical symbols) together with their sounds

(phonological sounds) will achieve the following:

• To know the name of an alphabetical letter is to know how to correctly

pronounce the vowel or consonant

• Barricade of strangeness of the Greek language will deteriorate

• Emphasisoflearning Greek is placed both upon sight and sound

• Facilitate the use of a Greek-English lexicon when learning new words

• Communicate to others when speaking about a Greek word(s)/phrases

The English approximations to the Greek letter sounds in this course are designed

to provide a practical and consistent method of pronunciation. The pronunciation

of the letters is not an attempt to emulate how they were pronounced in First

Century Greek (no one knows how they were pronounced!). Instead, a

standardized pronunciation system is adopted as an aid to memorization used

widely in universities, Bible colleges, and seminaries today.

It is important from the beginning to distinguish the sight as well as the sound of

each Greek letter. This may be achieved by pronouncing each Greek alphabetical

letter carefully and deliberately. In addition, practice writing each letter as it is

heard will aid in embedding it into memory.

The SPIonic font used for the Greek characters in this lesson, and the lessons to

follow, is similarly found in printed books, which date from the middle ages.

We are now ready to begin one of the most rewarding experiences of a lifetime:

the study of the Greek New Testament in its original language.

Sight and Sounds of the Greek Letters (Part 1)

The Letters and Pronunciation of the Greek Alphabet

LESSON 1: The Greek Alphabet: Sight and Sounds of Greek Letters (Part 1) Page 2

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1.1 The Greek Alphabet listen

One begins learning New Testament Greek by seeing and then correctly

pronouncing and writing the individual letters. The pronunciation of each Greek

alphabetical letter is learned by proper pronunciation of its alphabetical name . For

example, the first letter in the Greek alphabet is a , and a is pronounced as the first

letter in its alphabetical name, a !lfa . Therefore, knowing how to pronounce the

character’s alphabetical name is to know how to pronounce the alphabetical letter.

This is also true for the remaining letters in the alphabet. An alphabetical letter

has the same pronunciation as does the opening sound of its alphabetical name.

Learning the Greek alphabet will be approached in a simplistic four-step manner:

• See each Greek letter;

• Hear each Greek letter;

• Learn to write the alphabetical character; and finally

• Pronounce each letter in their alphabetical order.

The twenty-four letters in the Greek alphabet are divided into two categories:

seven are vowels and the remaining seventeen are consonants. Their order,

beginning on the next page, does not reflect these separate categories, but their

alphabetical sequence. Memorizing them in this order will prove helpful later when

using a Greek-English lexicon, since all entries are alphabetically listed.

Beginning on the next page, each of the twenty-four Greek letters are represented.

Each alphabetical character has two forms. The first letter illustrated is the capital

letter, and then its corresponding small letter. The capital letters should be studied

along with their corresponding small letters. The letters should be pronounced

aloud several times while practicing writing the Greek letters. The human eye

should not carry the entire burden of learning and memorizing the alphabetical

order of the Greek alphabet.

The arrow accompanying each lower case letter indicates the starting point and

direction of flow when forming the letter. An animated on-line tutorial is available

to see how each small and capital alphabetical letter is to be correctly written.

One more thing needs to be addressed before beginning to learn the Greek

alphabet using the following guide. The Greek names for the Greek letters are

spelled on the following pages with accompanying accents and breathing marks.

Whereas these are for future reference, for the time being, these accents and

breathing marks may be disregarded. You will learn these in Lesson Five.

LESSON 1: The Greek Alphabet: Sight and Sounds of Greek Letters (Part 1) Page 3

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1 st letter | Alpha

1Alfa, a!lfa (vowel)

A a

• Sounds like < ahl – fah >.

• A, a may be pronounced long as a in f a ther or

short as a in d a d.

• This vowel may be long or short.

• Hear the pronunciation of a!lfa.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• A, a is transliterated as “A”, “a” into English.

2 nd letter | Beta Bh=ta, bh=ta (consonant)

B b • Sounds like < bay – tah >.

• B, b is pronounced like the b as in b all.

• Hear the pronunciation of B, b.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• B, b is transliterated as “B”, “b” into English.

3 rd letter | Gamma Ga&mma, ga&mma (consonant)

G g • Sounds like < gahm – ma >.

• G, g is pronounced as the g as in g ot, and never

as the g as in g in.

• Hear the pronunciation of G, g.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• G, g is transliterated as “G”, “g” into English.

4 th letter | Delta De/lta, de/lta (consonant)

D d • Sounds like < dell – tah >.

• D, d is pronounced as the d as in d og.

• Hear the pronunciation of D, d.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• D, d is transliterated as “D”, “d” into English.

5 th letter | Epsilon 2E yilo/n, e2 yilo/n (vowel)

E e • Sounds like < eh – pseeh – lawn >.

• E, e is pronounced as the e in n e t.

• This vowel is always pronounced short.

• Hear the pronunciation of E, e.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• E, e is transliterated as “E”, “e” into English.

LESSON 1: The Greek Alphabet: Sight and Sounds of Greek Letters (Part 1) Page 4

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6 th letter | Zeta Zh=ta, zh=ta (consonant)

Z z • Sounds like < zah – tah >.

7 th letter | Eta ]Hta, h]ta (vowel)

H h • Sounds like < ay – tah >.

8 th letter | Theta Qh=ta, qh=ta (consonant)

Q q • Sounds like < thay – tah >.

9 th letter | Iota 0Iw~ta, i0w~ta (vowel)

I i • Sounds like < yi – oh – tah >.

• Z, z is pronounced as the z in ga z e.

• Hear the pronunciation of Z, z.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• Z, z is transliterated as “Z”, “z” into English.

• H, h is pronounced as the a in g a te or as the e in

ob e y.

• This vowel is always long.

• Hear the pronunciation of H, h.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• H, h is transliterated as “Ē”, “ē” into English.

• Q, q is pronounced as the th in th ing. The th is

never pronounced as th in th is.

• Hear the pronunciation of Q, q.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• Q, q is transliterated as “Th”, “th” into English.

• I, i is pronounced long as the i in mach i ne or

short as the i in h i t.

• This vowel may be long or short.

• Thei is never dotted as English “i”.

• Hear the pronunciation of I, i.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• I, i is transliterated as “I”, “i” into English.

LESSON 1: The Greek Alphabet: Sight and Sounds of Greek Letters (Part 1) Page 5

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10 th letter | Kappa Ka&ppa, ka&ppa (consonant)

K k • Sounds like < kap – pah >.

11 th letter | Lambda La&mbda, la&mbda (consonant)

L l • Sounds like < lahm – dah >.

12 th letter | Mu Mu=, mu= (consonant)

M m • Sounds like < mew >.

13 th letter | Nu Nu=, nu= (consonant)

N n • Sounds like < new >.

14 th letter | Xsi C i=, c i= (consonant)

C c • Sounds like < x – see >.

• K, k is pronounced as the k in k in.

• Hear the pronunciation of K, k.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• K, k is transliterated as “K”, “k” into English.

• L, l is pronounced as the l in l ot.

• Hear the pronunciation of L, l.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• L, l is transliterated as “L”, “l” into English.

• M, m is pronounced as the m in m an.

• Hear the pronunciation of M, m.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• M, m is transliterated as “M”, “m” into English.

• N, n is pronounced as the n in n ew.

• Hear the pronunciation of N, n.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• N, n is transliterated as “N”, “n” into English.

• C, c is pronounced as the x in a x e.

• Hear the pronunciation of C, c.

• See the alphabetical character drawn.

• C, c is transliterated as “X”, “x” into English.

Learn Greek (1 Of 7) - The Greek Alphabet, Part I.pdf

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