DHCP for Windows 2000 - Alcott_ Neall.pdf - DHCP for Windows 2000 (1325) - superktos86

DHCP for Windows 2000

by Neall Alcott

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc , 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

Editor: Sue Miller

Production Editor: Leanne Clarke Soylemez

Cover Designer: EllieVolckhausen

Printing History:

January 2001:

First Edition.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered

trademarks of by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc . Many of the designations used by manufacturers

and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations

appear in this book, and O’Reilly & Associates, Inc . was aware of a trademark claim, the

designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. The assocation between the image of a

frilled coquette hummingbird and DHCP is a trademark of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc .

While every precaution have been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes

no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the

information contained herein.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data can be found at:

http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/dhcpwin2000

ISBN: 1-56592-838-5

[M]

Table of Contents

Preface ...........................................................

Conventions Used in This Book .......................................

How to Contact Us .................................................

Acknowledgments ..................................................

1. TCP/IP Overview ................................................

1.1 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite ........................................

1.2 MAC Addresses ...............................................

1.3 IP Addressing .................................................

1.4 DNS and Hostnames ............................................

1.5 WINS and NetBIOS Names ......................................

1.6 Summary ....................................................

2. In The Beginning: RARP and BOOTP ...............................

2.1 RARP ......................................................

2.2 What Is BOOTP? ..............................................

2.3 BOOTP Packet Structure ........................................

2.4 The BOOTP Conversation .......................................

2.5 Summary ....................................................

3. Making Life Easier: DHCP ........................................

3.1 Why DHCP? .................................................

3.2 DHCP Packet Structure ..........................................

3.3 The DHCP Conversation .........................................

3.4 The DHCP Relay Agent .........................................

3.5 Summary ....................................................

4. Designing a DHCP Infrastructure ...................................

4.1 Who Needs DHCP? ............................................

4.2 Creating an IP Addressing Plan ....................................

4.3 Network Topology .............................................

4.4 DHCP Client Needs ............................................

4.5 Defining Scopes ...............................................

4.6 Fault Tolerance ...............................................

4.7 Putting It All Together: DHCP Strategies .............................

4.8 Summary ....................................................

5. The DHCP Server ...............................................

5.1 Introduction to Windows 2000 ....................................

5.2 DHCP Server in Windows 2000 ...................................

5.3 Installing DHCP Server in Windows 2000 ............................

5.4 The DHCP Console ............................................

5.5 Configuring a DHCP Server ......................................

5.6 Leases ......................................................

5.7 Options .....................................................

5.8 Summary ...................................................

106

6. DHCP Clients .................................................

6.1 Windows 2000 Professional .....................................

6.2 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 ....................................

6.3 Windows 9x .................................................

6.4 Windows for Workgroups .......................................

6.5 MS-DOS ...................................................

6.6 Summary ...................................................

108

120

127

133

137

140

7. Advanced DHCP ...............................................

7.1 Superscopes .................................................

7.2 Delegating Administration ......................................

7.3 Using Netsh Commands for DHCP ................................

7.4 Configuring Multihomed DHCP Servers ............................

7.5 The DHCP Database ...........................................

7.6 Supporting BOOTP Clients ......................................

7.7 Configuring Cisco Routers ......................................

7.8 Configuring Windows 2000 as a DHCP Relay Agent ...................

7.9 Summary ...................................................

142

144

145

150

152

155

157

159

8. Multicasting: Using MADCAP ....................................

8.1 Multicast Address Allocation ....................................

8.2 Summary ...................................................

161

172

9. DHCP Failover: Using Clusters ....................................

9.1 Windows Clustering ...........................................

9.2 Building a Windows 2000 Cluster .................................

9.3 Summary ...................................................

173

179

194

10. Integrating DHCP and DNS .....................................

10.1 Domain Name System ........................................

10.2 Windows 2000 DNS Server .....................................

10.3 Dynamic Update .............................................

10.4 Summary ..................................................

195

202

212

11. Monitoring and Troubleshooting DHCP ............................

11.1 Monitoring DHCP ...........................................

11.2 Troubleshooting DHCP ........................................

11.3 Summary ..................................................

213

218

225

12. What Lies Ahead: IPv6 and DHCPv6 ..............................

12.1 IPv6 ......................................................

12.2 DHCP for IPv6 ..............................................

12.3 Summary ..................................................

226

230

238

A. Appendix:DHCP Options ........................................

239

Colophon ......................................................

244

DHCP for Windows 2000

Preface

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides a means of allocating and managing

IP addresses dynamically over a network. Before the advent of DHCP, administrators

configured each host on a network with an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.

Maintaining the changes and the logs of the changes took a tremendous amount of time and

was prone to error. DHCP uses a client/server model in which the network information is

maintained and updated dynamically by the system.

This book discusses DHCP in a Windows 2000 environment. It provides an introduction to

the DHCP protocol and shows how to implement a DHCP server into the network. It also

covers the more advanced features of DHCP.

The book begins with an overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite and shows how DHCP

coexists with the rest of the TCP/IP suite. It identifies DHCP's predecessors, RARP and

BOOTP, and explores the reasons that DHCP was developed. DHCP design considerations

are discussed, as well as the different methods of deployment. The book shows how to install

and configure DHCP servers in routed and non-routed environments and how to configure a

client to use DHCP. It also discusses how to administer a DHCP server in Windows 2000

using DHCP scopes, options, and leases. Finally, the book covers DHCP's close relationship

with Dynamic DNS, as well as some of the future directions for DHCP.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following conventions are used throughout this book:

Italic

Used for URLs, filenames, email addresses, and new terms when first defined.

Constant width

Used in examples to show the contents of files or the output from commands.

Constant bold

Used in examples to show commands or other text to be typed by the user.

Constant italic

Used in examples and command syntax definitions to show variables for which a

context-specific substitution should be made.

Indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note.

Indicates a warning.

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