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Molecular Biology of Cancer
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Molecular Biology of Cancer
Second edition
Molecular Biology of Cancer
Second edition
F.Macdonald
Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Queen
Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
C.H.J.Ford
Department of Surgery, Kuwait University, Kuwait
A.G.Casson
Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova
Scotia, Canada
LONDON AND NEW YORK
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© Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2004
First published 2004
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0-203-50344-9 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-59747-8 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 1-85996-247-5 (Print Edition)
Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN, UK and
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001–2299, USA
World Wide Web home page: www.garlandscience.com
Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers is a member of the Taylor & Francis Group.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Macdonald, F.
Molecular biology of cancer/Macdonald, Ford & Casson.—[2nd ed.]
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-85996-247-5 (pbk.)
1. Cancer-Molecular aspects. 2. Cancer-Genetic aspects. 3. Cancer-Molecular diagnosis.
I. Ford, C.H. J. II. Casson, Alan G. III. Title.
RC268.4.M23 2004
616.99 ′ 4042–dc22
2004001336
Production Editors: Georgia Bushell and Harriet Milles
Contents
Abbreviations
xiv
Preface
xix
1 General principles
1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 What is cancer?
1
1.3 The cell cycle
2
1.4 Apoptosis
4
1.5 Chromosomes and cancer
6
1.6 Inherited vs. sporadic cancer
6
1.7 The multistage nature of cancer development
10
References
10
2 Oncogenes
12
2.1 Viruses and cancer
12
2.2 Cellular oncogenes
13
2.2.1
Function of the proto-oncogenes
16
2.2.2
Mechanisms of oncogene activation
26
2.3 Oncogenes in human tumors
29
References
10
3 Tumor suppressor genes
33
3.1 Introduction
33
3.2 Evidence for the existence of tumor suppressor genes
35
3.2.1
Suppression of malignancy by cell fusion
35
3.2.2
Tumor suppressor genes in hereditary cancers: the retinoblastoma model
36
3.3 Retinoblastoma— RB1
39

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