Victorian Age Volume 6 PETER CHRISP.pdf

A History of

Fashion and

Costume

The Victorian

Age

Peter Chrisp

The Victorian Age

Library of Congress Cataloging-

in-Publication Data

Produced for Facts On File by

Bailey Publishing Associates Ltd

11a Woodlands

Hove BN3 6TJ

Chrisp, Peter.

A history of fashion and costume.

The Victorian Age/Peter Chrisp.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and

index.

ISBN 0-8160-5949-7

1. Clothing and dress—Great

Britain—History—19th century.

2. Clothing and dress—United

States—History—19th century.

3. Great Britain—History—Victoria,

1837–1901. I.Title:Victorian Age.

II.Title.

GT737.C57 2005

391'.00941—dc 22

2005040044

Project Manager: Roberta Bailey

Editor: Alex Woolf

Text Designer: Simon Borrough

Artwork: Dave Burroughs, Peter Dennis,

Tony Morris

Picture Research: Glass Onion Pictures

Printed and bound in Hong Kong

reproduced or utilized in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including

photocopying, recording, or by any information

storage or retrieval systems, without permission in

writing from the publisher. For information

contact:

The publishers would like to thank

the following for permission to use

their pictures:

Art Archive: 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 (top), 16, 17

(both), 18, 21, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35

(right), 36, 38, 42, 45 (bottom), 46, 48,

50, 52, 53 (top), 56, 58

Bridgeman Art Library: 23, 24

Mary Evans Picture Library: 10, 11

(bottom), 14, 15 (bottom), 19, 20

(both), 31, 40, 45 (top), 53 (bottom),

57 (both), 59

Popperfoto: 37

Topham: 54

Victoria & Albert Museum: 15 (top),

22, 28, 30, 32, 35 (left), 39, 51, 55

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Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1: Early Victorian Fashions

Chapter 2: The Clothing Industry

Chapter 3: The Stages of Life

Chapter 4: Occasional Clothes

Chapter 5: Working Clothes

Chapter 6: Late Victorian Fashions: 1860–1901

Timeline

Glossary

Further Information

Index

Introduction

The British queen,Victoria, has given her name to the era

between 1837 and 1901, the years of her reign, the longest of

any British ruler.The Victorian era was a period of world as

well as British history, for the queen ruled at a time when

Britain had a vast global empire, including a quarter of the

planet’s population.

It was a time of massive social change. Railroads were built

across America and Europe, where many new industries

developed. Britain led the way in manufacturing, earning the

nickname the “workshop of the world.”The growth of British

industries drew vast numbers of people from the countryside

to rapidly growing towns and cities. Between 1837 and 1901,

the population doubled, from 18.5 to 37 million. By 1901,

three quarters of British people lived in towns and cities.

Clothing was transformed by factory production, and by

new inventions such as the sewing machine. Cheap clothes

could now be mass produced. The period saw the birth of a

true fashion industry, with the first department stores,

fashion magazines, and mail-order catalogs, allowing people

living in Melbourne and San Francisco to follow the latest

European styles.

Just as people have always done, the Victorians used clothes as a

type of language, sending signals to others about their class,

status, and attitudes. In the Victorian age, the language of

clothing was understood by everybody, who could instantly

place someone’s social position by their dress. It was also

international: in Moscow or New York, a Victorian gentleman

could be recognized by his tall silk hat and gold-topped cane.

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