The Nineteenth Century Volume 7 PHILIP STEELE.pdf

A History of

Fashion and

Costume

The

Nineteenth

Century

Philip Steele

The Nineteenth Century

Library of Congress

Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Produced for Facts On File by

Bailey Publishing Associates Ltd

11a Woodlands

Hove BN3 6TJ

Steele, Philip, 1948–

A history of fashion and costume.

The Nineteenth Century/Philip Steele

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and

index.

ISBN 0-8160-5950-0

1. Clothing and dress—History—

19th century. 2. Fashion—History—

19th century.

GT595.S74 2005

391/.009/034—dc 22

2005049453

Project Manager: Roberta Bailey

Editor: Alex Woolf

Text Designer: Simon Borrough

Artwork: Dave Burroughs, Peter Dennis,

Tony Morris

Picture Research: Glass Onion Pictures

Consultant:Tara Maginnis, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of the University of Alaska,

Fairbanks, and creator of the website,The

Costumer's Manifesto (http://costumes.org/).

The publishers would like to thank

the following for permission to use

their pictures:

Printed and bound in Hong Kong.

be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including

photocopying, recording, or by any information

storage or retrieval systems, without permission

in writing from the publisher. For information

contact:

Art Archive: 17 (bottom), 19, 21 (top),

22, 23 (left), 24 (both), 27 (top), 28

(top), 35, 38, 39 (both), 40, 41 (both),

43, 44, 47, 56 (bottom), 57.

Bridgeman Art Library: 6 (left), 7, 9, 12,

13, 16, 21 (bottom), 26 (top), 29, 30, 36,

37, 42, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56 (top), 58.

Mary Evans Picture Library: 10, 32, 45.

Peter Newark: 6 (right), 15, 17 (top).

Topham: 54 (left).

Werner Forman Archive: 14.

Victoria & Albert Museum: 25, 31

(top), 34, 48, 49 (top), 51, 54 (right).

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Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1: In the New World

Chapter 2: Europe: Nations and Costumes

Chapter 3: Western Dress: at Work and Play

Chapter 4: Empires and Colonies

Timeline

Glossary

Further Information

Index

Introduction

The nineteenth century was a time of great social change.The

world was opening up, thanks to railroads, steamships, and new

roads.Trade became global. New technology allowed huge,

noisy cotton mills in cities such as Manchester, England, to

turn out vast quantities of cloth, which could then be sold

around the world. Factories and mills replaced cottages and

small workshops.

In America, bustling new cities were swollen by an incoming

tide of immigrants from Europe. Back in the Old World, the

most powerful European nations built up overseas empires in

Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. As a result,

European dress, often most unsuitable for the local climate,

could now be seen from Cape Town to Shanghai.

This book looks at developments in fashion and costume

during the century, and how they were influenced by changes

in people's lives, both at work and play.

In many places, costume did not change very much, and

the local peoples still made and wore splendid regional

costumes—furs, feathers, silks, or embroidered cottons—

as their everyday clothing.This great diversity would soon

change, however, as a result of mass-produced, machine-

woven cloths and chemical dyes.

The nineteenth century is a comparatively recent period in

history. In museums and exhibitions, the actual costumes

people wore at that time can still be seen. Pictures of these

costumes can be viewed in fashion plates from old magazines,

and engravings or early photographs from every corner of

the world.

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