Aerosol_Technology_2nd_edition_(1999).pdf

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SecondEdition
William C. t;Jj({ds
Departmentof EnvironmentalHealt~iences
Centerfor Occupationaland EnvironmentalHealth
UCLA Schoolof Public Health
Los Angeles,California
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A WILEY-INTERSCIENCEPUBLICATION
JOHN WILEY & SONS,INC.
NEW YORK / CHICHESTER / WEINHEIM / BRISBANE / SINGAPORE / TORONTO
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xi
Preface to the First Edition
xiii
Preface to the SecondEdition
List of Principal Symbols
YV
Introduction
1
I. I Definitions / 3
1.2 Particle Size,Shape,and Density / 8
1.3 Aerosol Concentration/ 10
Problems / 12
References/ 13
15
2
Properties of Gases
2.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases/ 15
2.2 Molecular Velocity / 18
2.3 Mean FreePath / 21
2.4 Other Properties/ 23
2.5 ReynoldsNumber / 27
2.6 Measurementof Velocity, Flow Rate,and Pressure/ 31
Problems / 39
References/ 41
42
Uniform Particle Motion
3
3.1 Newton's ResistanceLaw / 42
3.2 Stokes'sLaw / 44
3.3 Settling Velocity andMechanicalMobility / 46
3.4 Slip CorrectionFactor / 48
3.5 NonsphericalParticles / 51
3.6 AerodynamicDiameter / 53
3.7 Settling at High ReynoldsNumbers / 55
3.8 Stirred Settling / 62
v
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CONTENTS
vii
7
Brownian Motion and Diffusion
150
7.1 Diffusion Coefficient / 150
7.2 Particle Mean FreePath / 154
7.3 Brownian Displacement/ 156
7.4 Depositionby Diffusion / 160
7.5 Diffusion Batteries / 165
Problems / 168
References/ 169
8
Thermal and Radiometric Forces
171
8. ] Thennophoresis/ ] 7]
8.2 Thennal Precipitators/ ] 76
8.3 Radiometricand ConcentrationGradiantForces /
Problems / ]80
References/ ]80
178
182
9
Filtration
9.1 MacroscopicPropertiesof Filters / 182
9.2 Single-FiberEfficiency / 190
9.3 Deposition MechanismsI 191
9.4 Filter Efficiency / 196
9.5 PressureDrop I 200
9.6 MembraneFilters / 202
Problems / 204
References/ 204
10 Sampling and Measurement of Concentration
206
10.1 Isokinetic Sampling / 206
10.2 Samplingfrom Still Air / 213
10.3 TransportLosses/ 216
10.4 Measurementof MassConcentration/ 217
10.5 Direct-ReadingInstruments/ 222
10.6 Measurementof Number Concentration/ 225
10.7 SamplingPumps / 228
Problems / 230
References/ 231
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