123.pdf

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

I. Read the texts and do the exercises below. Przeczytaj teksty i wykonaj ćwiczenia

1. Match the words from the texts with their translation. Połącz wyrazy wyróżnione

w tekstach z ich tłumaczeniem

Embryos

Strumienie

Prevent

Cukrzyca

Hereditary

Błędny

Defective

Padaczka

Faulty

Zapłodnione

Epilepsy

Zwalczyć

Diabetes

Embriony

ucleus

Topnieć

Fertilized

Jądro

Deposit

Dawca

Donor

Rozszerzać się

Intact

Dziedziczyć

Offspring

Składować

Inherit

Dowolny

flight’

Lodowiec

Random

Uciekać

Estimate

Zapobiec

Expand

Oceniać

Poles

Dziedziczny

Streams

Młode

Melt

Uszkodzony

Iceberg

Nietknięty

Rapidly

Szybko

Combat

Bieguny

2. Read the first text again. Put the fragments below back to the first text.

Przeczytaj ponownie pierwszy text. Wstaw poniższe fragment w odpowiednie

miejsca w pierwszym tekście

a. including epilepsy and diabetes

b. so the offspring would only inherit the characteristics of two people

c. the scientists used normal embryos

d. two women and one man

e. which comes exclusively from the mother

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

THREE PARET BABIES

Gene therapy could cure hereditary diseases

Scientists at Newcastle University have succeeded in creating human embryos with DNA

from three different parents – 1 ....... The achievement, they say, could potentially prevent a

whole range of hereditary diseases.

The project has been aimed at preventing the transfer of defective mitochondrial DNA onto

children, 2...... . Mitochondria are the powerhouses within a cell and faulty mitochondrial

DNA can lead to around 50 known hereditary diseases, 3...... ..

In their research, 4...... . with the genetic material from one woman and one man that

contained defective mitochondrial DNA from the mother. In the embryo, the mitochondrial

DNA is the only genetic material not contained within the nucleus , meaning that the team

could extract the nucleus from the fertilized embryo and deposit it into an emptied donor

egg.

The new embryo then develops with the genetic material from its original mother and father

almost completely intact , but with the healthy mitochondrial DNA of a different woman.

Experiments in mice have shown that the DNA that controls an individual’s appearance is not

contained in the mitochondria, 5...... . – the man and the woman who are the source of the

nucleic DNA.

The Newcastle team only had permission to carry out lab experiments and the embryos were

destroyed after within six days. But it’s hoped a ‘mitochondria transplant’ could be offered as

a genetic treatment sometime in the future. Focus 06/02/2008

3. Read the second text again and put the words in brackets in the correct form.

Przeczytaj ponownie drugi tekst i wstaw wyrazy podane w nawiasach w

odpowiedniej formie.

SLOW E MOTIO

Time slows down during scary situations

Extreme sports 1 ............................. (enthusiastic) are living longer through a trick of the

mind. Brains don’t work faster during 2 ............................... (emotion) events, but frightening

situations are probably remembered better, making it seem like they last longer.

People often report that time moves more slowly when their life is 3 ............................ (threat) ,

say US neuroscientists. In these situations the ‘fight or flight’ hormone adrenaline courses

through the body, making it more 4 .................................. (response) . If adrenaline also affects

the brain, this could make it better at telling the time.

The researchers tested the theory by dropping volunteers from a high tower, providing 31

frightening metres of freefall (10 metres per second). Each wore a watch flashing digits just

slow enough to read. During the fall, the random numbers were flashed six milliseconds

quicker. Although volunteers couldn’t read the 5 .............................. (slight) faster flashes, they

still estimated that their falls lasted 36 per cent longer than those of others. Focus 12/12/2007

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

4. Read the third text again and choose the best answer to fill each gap. Przeczytaj

ponownie trzeci text i wybierz właściwe odpowiedzi uzupełniające luki

HOLIDAY AT HOME

Global warming widens tropical belt

A team of US climatologists warn that global warming is expanding the tropical belt towards

the poles . Studying satellite data, they tracked several atmospheric markers, such 1 ..... jet

streams and storms. All markers point to a widening of the tropical belt and, worse, it’s

happening 2 .... faster than predicted by computer models.

The US is already being hit by frequent tropical storms, but this is just the 3 .... of the ( rapidly

melting ) iceberg . Poorer countries, many of 4 .... lie in the tropics, may not be able to adapt

rapidly 5 .... to combat the effects of climate change. Focus 05/12/2007

1. a. like b. as c. so

2. a. lot b. more c. much

3. a. top b. tip c. snow

4. a. which b. them c. whom

5. a. too b. so c. enough

II. Inversion 2

Inversion is obligatory after certain phrases:

Structure: phrase + operator + subject + verb

Phrases with negative meaning e.g.

Nowhere owhere else in Europe will you find poisonous snakes

Never ever in my life would I merry him

Not a word ot a word did he say all evening

Not a soul ot a soul did he meet in the pub

Not until ot until I got home did I realise that I had forgotten my umbrella

Not only ot only was she stupid but also ugly

On no account On no account can you open this door

Under no circumstances Under no circumstances are you allowed to leave

In none In none of his plays did Shakespeare give vent to anger as in Othello

Other phrases e.g.

Little Little did I think that she would get married

Such...that Such was the noise that we couldn’t sleep

Only later/after/if Only if he apologises will we cooperate

Rarely/seldom Rarely does it happen that he is wrong

So...that So nice was the weather that we went out

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

To such an extent To such an extent did he irritate her that she killed him

With every justification With every justification is she called a fool

1. Rewrithe the sentences using inversion. Przepisz zdania stosując inwersję

1. The soap opera was so popular, that the streets were deserted whenever it was on.

Such………………………………………………………………………………..

2. She adored John so much, that she would not give him up.

So………………………………………………………………………………..

3. The soap opera was so exciting, that I forgot to do my English homework.

So………………………………………………………………………………..

4. It is rare that a movie makes you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time.

Rarely………………………………………………………………………………..

5. I didn’t know what I had got myself into until then

Only………………………………………………………………………………...

6. You shouldn’t be absent from your seminars on any account.

On………………………………………………………………………………..

7. I didn’t realise that I'd seen it before until the film started.

Only………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Susan hadn’t seen a more beautifully decorated room anywhere.

Nowhere………………………………………………………………………………..

9. I will not have a holiday until January.

Not………………………………………………………………………………..

10. She doesn’t rally know what surprises we have in store for her.

Little………………………………………………………………………………..

11. I didn’t really know that he was a compulsive liar

Little………………………………………………………………………………...

Key

Embryos

Embriony

Prevent

Zapobiec

Hereditary

Dziedziczny

Defective

Uszkodzony

Faulty

Błędny

Epilepsy

Padaczka

Diabetes

Cukrzyca

ucleus

Jądro

Fertilized

Zapłodnione

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

Deposit

Składować

Donor

Dawca

Intact

Nietknięty

Offspring

Młode

Inherit

Dziedziczyć

flight’

Uciekać

Random

Dowolny

Estimate

Oceniać

Expand

Rozszerzać się

Poles

Bieguny

Streams

Strumienie

Melt

Topnieć

Iceberg

Lodowiec

Rapidly

Szybko

Combat

Zwalczyć

1. d

2. e

3. a

4. c

5. b

1. enthusiasts

2. emotional

3. threatened

4. responsive

5. slightly

1. b

2. c

3. b

4. a

5. c

II.

1. Such was the popularity of the soap opera, that the streets were deserted whenever it

was on.

2. So much did she adore John, that she would not give him up.

3. So exciting was the soap opera, that I forgot to do my English homework.

4. Rarely does a movie make you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time."

5. Only then did I know what I had got myself into.

6. On no account should you be absent from your seminars.

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