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Comprehensive Debian
Wheezy Xen Tutorial
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objectives Overview
UEFI Configuration
Wheezy Installation
Wheezy Configuration
Compiling a Custom Linux Kernel
Compiling Xen
Xen Configuration
Installing Windows HVM
Installing PFSense HVM
Installing Debian HVM
Managerial Tasks
Introduction
The following guide is comprised of my personal
documentation and excessive filtering for human
consumption. It details the series of steps I took to
successfully install and compile a custom Linux Kernel,
Xen 4.2 unstable, and run three virtual machines to
perform unique tasks all on a single physical computer.
To achieve the desired functionality, I used IOMMU for
PCI Passthrough with a multimedia operating system,
granting complete access to a graphics card for GPU
Acceleration.
I am a college student, not a trained professional, and I
am sharing this documentation for educational purposes.
Blind use of this document for a production environment
in a business setting would be ill-advised.
To quickly summarize my experiences, I decided to try
Xen and began researching in early January 2012.
I purchased equipment in March 2012, and began what I
thought would take "at most two weeks".
By late April I finally had a (
mostly
) functional system.
I have been fine tuning the system and my process since
then to produce this guide for others.
The purpose of this guide is to turn a 6 month project into
a series of steps that can be reproduced inside the time
frame of 1-2 days.
Objectives Overview
I wanted a single physical computer, that could handle
three computers worth of separated activities at all times,
including these four specifics:
Router/Firewall (PFSense)
DNS & Web Development (Debian Squeeze)
Application Development (Debian Wheezy)
Multimedia & Gaming (Windows 7)
I investigated alternative software, including VMWare's
ESXi and Citrix's XenServer.
I had come from a VMWare platform having used both
VMware Server 2 and VMWare Workstation 8 for the
same key objectives previously but with a Windows
Host, subject to Windows Updates which let to my
investigation.
ESXi was easy to install, but missing numerous drivers
for hardware components. I quickly ruled it out as I
wanted a home-use system, and there was no
convenient or well-documented method to installing or
even launching a virtual machine from their on-server
interface.
Citrix's XenServer was easily my favorite of the options,
it's design made for a great user experience. Everything
was easy to find and do. However it came with a
minimum price tag of $1000, and if I wanted PCI
passthrough for graphics cards $2500. This was beyond
my reach as a college student.
I chose Xen since it had support for my hardware, was a
free open-source project, and had a great community
with lots of activity.
Things you Will Need:
Compatible Hardware
ATI Graphics Card
Motherboard with UEFI & VT-d & Onboard
Graphics
Latest Ubuntu Live DVD
Debian Wheezy Beta1 (Or Newer) Installer
nVidia Cards can be made to work, with extensive
patching, in Windows XP and supposedly Windows 8
Preview, for more information visit
David Techer's blog
.
If you plan to pass your graphics card to a virtual
machine, you will need either a second graphics card,
onboard graphics, or a second computer to manage your
Dom0 system and install virtual machines over VNC.
UEFI compatible boot DVD will save you an
undocumented step for setting up a UEFI boot loader.
Xen is picky, different hardware may yield different
results, both at compile time and runtime. If you want to
save yourself some hassle, here is my hardware list and
some suggestions to avoid:
Motherboard:
ASRock Z68 Extreme4 Gen3
CPU:
Intel Core i2600
RAM:
12GB 1333Mhz Corsair XMS (2x2G + 2x4G)
Boot Disk:
240GB OCZ Vertex 3
GPU:
ATI Radeon HD 6870
LAN:
Onboard Broadcom BCM57781
PCIe EXPI9301CTBLK
Hardware and Configurations to Avoid:
NF200 Chipsets are
not
IOMMU compatible
nVidia Graphics Cards
RAID5 yields horrible performance
NF200 is a PCI Switch for motherboards sporting SLI
and CrossFire, avoid it if you want be able to use those
PCI slots for passthrough.
UEFI Configuration
These instructions are for an Intel CPU and ASRock
UEFI Motherboard, and may vary depending on your
manufacturer as well as your choice of CPU. If you are
unfamiliar with motherboard configuration, you may want
to watch the video for a visual walk through.
Before starting reset your CMOS so you have a clean
slate to work from.
List of key settings:
Turn Legacy USB 3.0 off
Turn on VT-x and VT-d
Set drives to ACHI Mode
Change default video to Onboard
Justification:
Consider yourself warned, if you leave Legacy USB on
and leave a backup USB drive connected, your system
will fail to boot. To my surprise that is because it is trying
to boot from that USB drive (
even if that drive is USB
2.0
), which threw me off so I recommend disabling that
feature.
Most motherboards will have Intel Virtualization enabled
by default (VT-x), but that is
not
the same as IOMMU, be
sure to look for VT-d or check the manual for details. For
my system VT-x was in the CPU configuration area, and
VT-d was in the Northbridge configuration area.
ACHI is a superior choice for performance with modern
hard drives, and while RAID is an alternative that uses
ACHI as its underlying type, it increases boot time by
checking RAID configurations, and most onboard RAID
is software RAID that is built for Windows and rarely
helpful for Linux.
ASRock boards will use a PCI GPU by default if it is
plugged into a PCI slot, regardless of if any video cables
are connected, and if you plan to pass that device to a
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