Chemical Process & Design Handbook (Speight).pdf

CHEMICAL AND

PROCESS DESIGN

HANDBOOK

James G. Speight

M C GRAW-HILL

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid

Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul

Singapore Sydney Toronto

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Speight, J. G.

Chemical and process design handbook / James Speight.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-07-137433-7 (acid-free paper)

1. Chemical processes. I. Title.

TP155.7 .S63

2002

660′.2812—dc21

2001052555

McGraw-Hill

Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United

States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or

distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval sys-

tem, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

1234567890 DOC/DOC 0987654321

ISBN 0-07-137433-7

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visor was David E. Fogarty, and the production supervisor was Pamela A.

Pelton. It was set in the HB1A design in Times Roman by Kim Sheran, Deirdre

Sheean, and Vicki Hunt of McGraw-Hill Professional’s Hightstown, New Jersey,

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

James G. Speight is the author/editor/compiler of more than 20 books and bibliographies

related to fossil fuel processing and environmental issues. As a result of his work, Dr. Speight

was awarded the Diploma of Honor, National Petroleum Engineering Society, for Out-

standing Contributions in the Petroleum Industry in 1995 and the Gold Medal of Russian

Academy of Natural Sciences for Outstanding Work. He was also awarded the Degree of

Doctor of Science from the Russian Petroleum Research Institute in St. Petersburg.

CONTENTS

Preface xiii

Part 1 Reaction Types

Alkylation / 1.3

Amination / 1.6

Condensation and Addition / 1.12

Dehydration / 1.13

Dehydrogenation / 1.14

Esterfication / 1.16

Ethynylation / 1.17

Fermentation / 1.18

Friedel-Crafts Reactions / 1.19

Halogenation / 1.21

Hydration and Hydrolysis / 1.24

Hydroformylation / 1.27

Hydrogenation / 1.29

Nitration / 1.32

Oxidation / 1.36

Oxo Reaction / 1.40

Polymerization / 1.41

Sulfonation / 1.43

Vinylation / 1.46

Part 2 Manufacture of Chemicals

Acetaldehyde / 2.3

Acetal Resins / 2.7

Acetaminophen / 2.10

Acetic Acid / 2.11

Acetic Anhydride / 2.14

Acetone / 2.16

Acetone Cyanohydrin / 2.18

Acetophenetidine / 2.19

Acetylene / 2.20

Acrolein / 2.23

Acrylic Acid / 2.25

Acrylic Resins / 2.27

Acrylonitrile / 2.28

Adipic Acid / 2.30

Adiponitrile / 2.32

Alcohols, Linear Ethoxylated / 2.33

Alkanolamines / 2.34

Alkyd Resins / 2.36

CONTENTS

Alkylbenzenes, Linear / 2.38

Allyl Alcohol / 2.39

Alumina / 2.42

Aluminum / 2.44

Aluminum Chloride / 2.45

Aluminum Sulfate / 2.46

Amitriptyline / 2.47

Ammonia / 2.49

Ammonium Chloride / 2.52

Ammonium Nitrate / 2.53

Ammonium Phosphate / 2.56

Ammonium Picrate / 2.58

Ammonium Sulfate / 2.59

Aniline / 2.60

Anisaldehyde / 2.61

Antibiotics / 2.62

Antihistamines / 2.63

Argon / 2.65

Aspirin / 2.66

Barbital / 2.67

Barbiturates / 2.68

Barium Carbonate / 2.69

Barium Salts / 2.70

Barium Sulfate / 2.71

Barium Sulfide / 2.72

Bauxite / 2.73

Benzaldehyde / 2.74

Benzene / 2.75

Benzine / 2.80

Benzodiazepines / 2.81

Benzoic Acid / 2.83

Benzyl Acetate / 2.84

Benzyl Alcohol / 2.85

Bisphenol A / 2.86

Borax / 2.87

Boron Compounds / 2.88

Bromal / 2.89

Bromine / 2.90

Bromoacetaldehyde / 2.92

BTX Aromatics / 2.93

Butadiene / 2.95

Butane / 2.98

Butanediol / 2.99

Iso-butane / 2.102

Butene-1 / 2.103

Butenediol / 2.104

Iso-butene / 2.106

n -Butene / 2.107

Butyl Acrylate / 2.108

Iso-butyl Alcohol / 2.109

n -Butyl Alcohol / 2.110

t -Butyl Alcohol / 2.111

Butyl Vinyl Ether / 2.112

Butynediol / 2.113

Iso-butyraldehyde / 2.115

n -Butryaldehyde / 2.116

Butyrolactone / 2.118

Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline / 2.119

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