Saltwater Aquarium Models - John Tullock.pdf

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S A LT WAT E R
AQUARIUM MODELS
Recipes for Creating Beautiful Aquariums That Thrive
JOHN TULLOCK
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Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved.
Photography © Aaron Norman
Howell Book House
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
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Library of Congress CataloginginPublication data is available from the publisher upon request.
ISBN13: 9780470044247
ISBN10: 0470044241
Printed in the United States of America
0987654321
Book design by Elizabeth Brooks
Cover design by José Almaguer
Book production by Wiley Publishing, Inc. Composition Services
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
T HE A LLURE OF S ALTWATER A QUARIUMS
1
Physical and Chemical Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Biological Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Gas Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Foods and Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Feeding Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Availability of Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Live Foods from the Aquarium Store . . . . . . . . . . 31
Culturing Live Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Changing Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Water Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Equipment Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Using a Maintenance Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Hobby versus Passion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What You Can Find in This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
How Saltwater Differs from Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Part I
Saltwater Aquarium Basics
CHAPTER 1
C ARING FOR AN A QUARIUM
9
Sources of Saltwater Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Choosing a Dealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Purchasing Fish Based on Collecting Practices . . . 10
Selecting Healthy Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Making Rational Purchasing Decisions . . . . . . . . 14
Ordering Fish by Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Chemistry You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
pH Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Alkalinity Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Calcium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Dissolved Oxygen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Iodide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Nitrogen Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
CHAPTER 2
B RINGING O UT THE B EST IN
S ALTWATER A QUARIUMS
45
Guidelines for Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Selecting Invertebrates and Fishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Types of Fishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Types of Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Seaweeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Quarantine Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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Acclimating New Arrivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Developing a Stocking Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Part II
Saltwater Aquarium Mechanics
CHAPTER 3
M AKING Y OUR A QUARIUM L OOK R EAL
53
CHAPTER 4
U NDERSTANDING I NVERTEBRATES
69
Space Limitations of Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Tank Proportions and Habitat Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Inverse Square Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Safety and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Backgrounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Solid Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Dry Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Including Terrestrial Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Aquascaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Decorative Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Borrowing from Japanese Gardeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Inspiration from Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Wildness versus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Personal Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Idealization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Designing with Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Live Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Live Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Microinvertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Recognizing Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Aquarium Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Utilitarian Invertebrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Anemones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Other Photosynthetic Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Filter-Feeding Invertebrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Symbiotic Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Predatory Invertebrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Other Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Invertebrate Pests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Venomous Invertebrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
CHAPTER 5
N UTS AND B OLTS
79
Built-In Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Electricity and Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Floor Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Free-Standing Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Electricity and Water Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Floor Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
iv
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