Non Verbal Communication - www.mixtorrents.blogspot.com.pdf - mowa ciała - ola595

Masters of Body Language

Dr. Gabriel and Nili Raam

When Negotiating, Look For

Nonverbal Cues

Your mother probably taught you that it's rude to stare. But when you negotiate a

business deal, close observation of your opponent makes sense.

By inspecting your opponent's every physical move, you can often de termine

whether he or she is holding something back or not telling the truth.

The key is not to stare so much that you make your opponent uncomfortable, but to

be aware of his or her movements through casual glances and friendly eye contact.

It will almost certainly give you an edge.

What should you look for? Experts who study body language suggest a two -step

process. First, identify a subject's mannerisms during the initial, friendly stages of a

discussion. As the negotiation unfolds, see whether your opponent suddenly adopts

different behavior. "You have to watch people a long time to establish what their

baseline mode is," said David Hayano, author of "Poker Faces." "Once you know

how they normally behave, you may be able to tell when they start to put on an act."

Hayano is a retired professor of anthropology at California State University at

Northridge, who has analyzed the body language of poker players, and he's found

that the rapport-building stage is a valuable time to study your opponent. Why?

Because that's when you get to know someone's "natural" behavior. "If you are

dealing with a very talkative executive who all of a sudden gets meek during the

heat of the negotiation, then something strange is going on," he said. It may be a

clue that your opponent is hiding something; other clues are exaggerated

movements or excessive enthusiasm.

Hayano says that in poker, for example, a player who throws chips forcefully on the

table or suddenly behaves in a brash, aggressive way may be masking his being

stuck with a weak hand of cards. The same goes for executives who loudly and

repeatedly proclaim that they're making a major concession, when in fact they're

not giving up much. "When you're negotiating with someone who starts overtalking

and backslapping, this can mean they really have little to offer," Hayano said.

A range of nonverbal clues may serve as red flags during a negotiation. Experts

suggest paying special attention to a person's hands and face. "There are many

revealing body signals that may indicate a hidden agenda," said Donald Moine, an

organizational psychologist at the Association for

Human Achievement in Rolling Hills Estates, Calif. Examples include hair pulling,

lip biting, eye blinking, gulping and throat clearing. According to Moine, a

negotiator who starts breathing rapidly may not be telling the truth. "The way to

http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/

Masters of Body Language

Dr. Gabriel and Nili Raam

tell how someone is breathing is to notice their shoulders," he said. "With more

rapid breathing that's higher up in the chest, you will see their shoulders rise and

fall a lot more than normal." When coaching executives to improve their negotiation

skills, Moine finds that many of them miss opportunities to read others' body

language. "They often make the mistake of looking down at papers instead of being

observant," he said. The next time your opponent gestures for you to study a

document or presents a written contract for you to scrutinize, don't fall for the bait.

Instead of cutting off eye contact, Moine suggests that you say, "Tell me about it.

What does it say?" As long as you keep your eyes on your negotiating partners, you

can assess whether their nonverbal behavior conflicts with what they tell you.

Even the most experienced deal makers who know how to mask their expressions

may still betray themselves with their bodies. "Watch for signs of deception," said

Raymond McGraime, author of "Silent Seduction." "Deception is shown by such

movements as covering of the mouth with the hands, rubbing the side of the nose,

jerking the head quickly to the side, and leaning away from you. If these things

occur when they're saying something critical to the negotiation, that's even more

significant." Although these behaviors may simply result from nervous tics,

McGraime warns that they can also expose a liar.

"When most people lie, they subconsciously want to apologize for it," he said. "They

feel guilty for lying, and that shows in their nonverbal behavior." On a more

positive note, body language can sometimes help you trust a speaker. Look for

expansive, welcoming gestures that seem to flow naturally from the person's

behavior. "When someone opens his palms towards simultaneously, that's a sign of

openness and honesty," McGraime said. "The further the palms come out from

their body, the better. In depictions of the great prophets, you see this. It's like

saying, 'I have nothing up my sleeve.'"

Now that you know what to look for while negotiating, beware of attributing too

much meaning to every little move your opponent makes. Resist drawing rash

conclusions based on someone who suddenly starts scratching or acting jittery. "The

danger of reading your opponent is that you lean too much on just one sign," said

Richard Heslin, professor of psychology at Purdue University in West Lafayette,

Ind. "But when you can put several things togethe r, maybe there's something there

that's worth paying attention to."

http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/

Masters of Body Language

Dr. Gabriel and Nili Raam

Body Aspects

Our body says a lot about us in many ways as we communicate. Body movement can

indicate attitudes, and feelings while also acting as illustrators and regulators. Our

body movement includes the heads, eyes, shoulders, lips, eyebrows, neck, legs, arms,

fingers, orientation, hands and gestures. Together these pieces can convey if we’re

comfortable, unhappy, friendly, anxious, nervous and many other messages.

With so many parts conveying messages, you can see how easily things can get

confused and how difficult it is to manipulate nonverbal communication. Just think

of the different messages which are communicated through facing a person,

touching, standing at various distances and in different stances. With careful

thought, however, we may begin using our bodies to further our clarity and

meaning.

This discussion has broken down body language into several areas: proxemics,

appearance, eye contact, and physical behavior. We will continue by looking at each

area.

Proxemics

Proxemics is the amount of space around or between us and others. How closely

people position themselves to a person during a discussion communicates what type

of relationship exists between the two people. This space and meaning differs from

culture to culture but in American culture the following standards exist.

• 0-18 inches is intimate space reserved for family and close friends

• 18 inches to 4 feet is personal space used in most interpersonal interactions

• 4-12 feet is social-consultative space used in more formal interactions

http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/

Masters of Body Language

Dr. Gabriel and Nili Raam

Appearance

Appearance is a second important factor involved with nonverbal communication .

In today’s society, the purpose of clothing has changed from fulfilling a need to

expressing oneself. Teens use fashion to determine cliques such as prep, jock, punk,

or gangster. Clothing communication is continued later in life by identifying

someone in a suit as a businessperson, someone wearing a black robe as a judge,

doctors wearing lab coats and stethoscopes or various other positions wearing

required uniforms of dress. Adornments are another form of appearance. Wearing

expensive jewelry communicates one message while wearing ceremonial ornaments

communicates a completely different message. Appearance also takes into account

personal grooming such as cleanliness, doing one’s hair, nail trimming or wearing

make-up.

Overall appearance is the nonverbal that people are most aware of and manipulate

the most. Appearance communicates how we feel and how we want to be viewed.

Eye Contact

Many sayings hold that the eye is the window to the mind. This is very true to

illustrating the power of eye contact in nonverbal communication. Eye contact can

maintain, yield, deny and request communication between people. People who use

eye contact are viewed as confident, credible and having nothing to hide.

Some important do’s and do not’s of eye contact are:

• If you have trouble staring someone in the eye, simply focus at something on

their face

• When speaking to a group look at everyone

• Look at people who are key decision makers or hold power

• Look at reactive listeners

• Don’t look at the floor, scripts or anything that causes you to tilt your head

away form the receiver

• Don’t look at bad listeners that may distract you

http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/

Masters of Body Language

Dr. Gabriel and Nili Raam

Body

As mentioned earlier, there are many parts of your body that add to the nonverbal

message. This type of nonverbal communication is called kinesic code. It is made up

of emblems, illustrators, regulators, affect displays and adapters. These behaviors

are each communicated in different behaviors and movements of your body.

The first important aspect of kinesics is posture. Standing or sitting in a relaxed

professional manner is a positive posture nonverbal. Also, being comfortably

upright, squarely facing an audience, and evenly distributing your weight are all

aspects of posture that communicate professionalism, confidence, attention to detail

and organization.

Nonverbals communicated by moving the trunk of your body are called body

gestures. Several different body gesture strategies are to move to change mood or

pace, draw attention, or reinforce and idea. Some examples are stepping aside for a

transition or stepping forward to emphasize a point.

Hand gestures are what are most often ide ntified as nonverbal communication. One

reason is because they are so obvious to a receiver and seen to be partly conscious. It

is important to let your gestures flow naturally as if in conversation with a close

friend. You may also use gestures to specifically describe shape and size, emphasize

a point, enumerate a list, or picking out a specific item.

In conjunction with hand gestures is touching. This is a very powerful

communicator especially for establishing a link to a receiver or conveying emotion.

However, touching is dangerous because it invades a persons intimate space and

may be perceived as unwanted or breaking norms. It is important to pay attention

to the other person’s nonverbal cues before deciding to initiate a touch.

The last area of physical nonverbal communication is facial expression. Facial

expression is partly innate and also partly learned. Because of the number of

muscles and features, such as mouth, nose, lips, cheeks, in your face, it is extremely

expressive. A face can ask questions, show doubt, surprise, sadness, happiness and a

wealth of other messages.

Below is a list of some body behavior and the message they communicate.

1) Slumped posture = low spirits

2) Erect posture = high spirits, energy and confidence

3) Lean forward = open and interested

4) Lean away = defensive or disinterested

5) Crossed arms = defensive

6) Uncrossed arms = willingness to listen

http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/

Non Verbal Communication - www.mixtorrents.blogspot.com.pdf

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