ABAP_BCABA.pdf

BC ABAP Programming

Release 4.6B

BC - ABAP Programming

SAP AG

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December 1999

SAP AG

BC - ABAP Programming

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December 1999

BC - ABAP Programming

SAP AG

Contents

B C - ABAP Programming ............................................................................17

Introduction to ABAP ............................................................................................................19

The R/3 Basis System: Overview ......................................................................................... 20

Position of the Basis System Within the R/3 System ......................................................... 21

Application Servers.............................................................................................................27

Work Processes ................................................................................................................. 32

Overview of the Components of Application Programs.................................................... 37

Structure of an Application Program .................................................................................. 38

Screens............................................................................................................................... 40

Structure of ABAP Programs.............................................................................................. 44

Processing Blocks in ABAP Programs ............................................................................... 49

ABAP Statements............................................................................................................... 56

Logical Databases and Contexts........................................................................................ 60

Memory Structures of an ABAP Program........................................................................... 66

Creating and Changing ABAP Programs ............................................................................ 68

Opening a Program from the Repository Browser ............................................................. 70

Opening Programs in the ABAP Editor .............................................................................. 73

Opening Programs Using Forward Navigation................................................................... 74

Maintaining Program Attributes .......................................................................................... 75

Editing Programs ................................................................................................................79

The ABAP Programming Language..................................................................................... 82

ABAP Syntax .......................................................................................................................... 83

Types and Objects................................................................................................................. 87

Basic Statements................................................................................................................... 90

Data Types and Data Objects ............................................................................................ 91

Data Types .................................................................................................................... 92

Defining Data Types................................................................................................. 96

Predefined ABAP Types ..................................................................................... 97

Local Data Types in Programs ......................................................................... 100

Data Types in the ABAP Dictionary .................................................................. 105

The TYPE Addition................................................................................................. 113

The LIKE Addition .................................................................................................. 117

Data Objects................................................................................................................ 119

Literals.................................................................................................................... 120

Text Symbols ......................................................................................................... 122

Variables ................................................................................................................ 124

Constants ............................................................................................................... 130

Interface Work Areas ............................................................................................. 131

Predefined Data Objects ........................................................................................ 133

Compatibility................................................................................................................ 134

Determining the Attributes of Data Objects................................................................. 136

Examples of Data Types and Objects......................................................................... 141

Processing Data ............................................................................................................... 144

Assigning Values......................................................................................................... 145

December 1999

SAP AG

BC - ABAP Programming

Assigning Values with MOVE ................................................................................ 146

Assigning Values with WRITE TO ......................................................................... 149

Resetting Values to Their Initial Value ................................................................... 151

Numerical Operations.................................................................................................. 152

Arithmetic Calculations........................................................................................... 153

Mathematical Functions ......................................................................................... 157

Business Calculations ............................................................................................ 159

Date and Time Calculations ................................................................................... 160

Processing Character Strings ..................................................................................... 162

Shifting Field Contents ........................................................................................... 163

Replacing Field Contents ....................................................................................... 166

Converting to Upper or Lower Case or Replacing Characters .............................. 168

Converting into a Sortable Format ......................................................................... 169

Overlaying Character Fields .................................................................................. 170

Finding Character Strings ...................................................................................... 171

Finding the Length of a Character String ............................................................... 174

Condensing Field Contents.................................................................................... 175

Concatenating Character Strings........................................................................... 176

Splitting Character Strings ..................................................................................... 177

Assigning Parts of Character Strings ..................................................................... 178

Single Bit Processing in Hexadecimal Fields .............................................................. 179

Setting and Reading Bits ....................................................................................... 180

Bit Operations ........................................................................................................ 182

Set Operations Using Bit Sequences..................................................................... 184

Type Conversions ....................................................................................................... 187

Conversion Rules for Elementary Data Types....................................................... 188

Conversion Rules for References .......................................................................... 192

Conversion Rules for Structures ............................................................................ 193

Conversion Rules for Internal Tables..................................................................... 195

Alignment of Data Objects ..................................................................................... 196

Processing Sections of Strings ................................................................................... 197

Field Symbols and Data References................................................................................ 201

Field Symbols.............................................................................................................. 202

Defining Field Symbols .......................................................................................... 204

Assigning Data Objects to Field Symbols .............................................................. 208

Basic Form of the ASSIGN Statement.............................................................. 209

Assigning Components of Structures to a Field Symbol .................................. 214

Defining the Data Type of a Field Symbol ........................................................ 216

Data Areas for Field Symbols ........................................................................... 218

Data References ......................................................................................................... 220

Reference Variables............................................................................................... 221

Creating Data Objects Dynamically ....................................................................... 222

Getting References to Data Objects ...................................................................... 223

Dereferencing Data References ............................................................................ 224

Data References: Example .................................................................................... 225

December 1999

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