US Marine Corps - MWTC Assault Climbers Handbook (mountaineering).pdf - USMC Field Manuals - wojak.aon

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

MOUNTAIN WARFARE

TRAINING CENTER

BRIDGEPORT, CA.

ASSAULT CLIMBERS HANDBOOK

SUMMER 2002

ASSAULT CLIMBERS HANDBOOK 2002

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CLASS TITLE

1 MOUNTAIN SAFETY

2 MAC KIT

3 NOMENCLATURE AND CARE OF MOUNTAINEERING EQUIPMENT

4 ROPE MANAGEMENT

5 MOUNTAIN CASULTLY EVACUATIONS

6 NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ANCHORS

7 MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

8 ONE ROPE BRIDGE

9 A-FRAMES

10 VERTICAL HAULING LINES

11 SUSPENSION TRAVERSE

12 ESTABLISHMENT OF RAPPEL POINTS AND RAPPELLING

13 BALANCE CLIMBING

14 TOP ROPING

15 SIT HARNESS

16 PLACING PROTECTION

17 BELAYING FOR PARTY CLIMBING

18 PARTY CLIMBING

19 MILITARY AID CLIMBING

20 ALTERNATIVE BELAYS AND ANCHORS

21 RESCUE TECHNIQUES FOR PARTY CLIMBING

22 STEEP EARTH CLIMBING

23 TREE CLIMBING TECHNIQUES

24 FIXED ROPE INSTALLATION

25 CLIFF RECONNAISSANCE

26 CLIFF ASSAULT

27 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REFERENCES

APPENX 1 SL-3 MAC KIT

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

Mountain Warfare Training Center

Bridgeport, California 93517-5001

SML

SMO

02/11/02

LESSON PLAN

MOUNTAIN SAFETY

INTRODUCTION

(5 Min)

. The key to mountain safety in a mountainous environment is

proper prior planning. Adhering to certain basic principles and predetermined actions will

allow an individual or unit to efficiently perform their duties with minimum discomfort

and maximum safety.

. The purpose of this period of instruction is to familiarize the student with the

twelve mountain safety considerations and the acronym used to remember them. This

lesson relates to all training conducted in a mountainous environment.

3. INTRODUCE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

. In a mountainous environment, execute

preventive measures for mountain injuries, in accordance with the references.

. Without the aid of references and given

the acronym "BE SAFE MARINE", list in writing the principles of mountain safety,

in accordance with the references.

. The material in this lesson will be presented by lecture and

demonstration. You will practice what you learn during upcoming field training exercises.

Those of you who have IRF's please fill them out at the conclusion of this period of

instruction.

. You will be tested later in the course by written and performance

evaluations on this period of instruction.

TRANSITION: Having discussed our purposes, let's now look at the planning and preparation

of a military operation.

1. GAIN ATTENTION

2. PURPOSE

a. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

b. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE

4. METHOD/MEDIA

5. EVALUATION

1-2

BODY

(50 Min)

1. (40 Min) PLANNING AND PREPARATION . As in any military operation, planning

and preparation constitute the keys to success. The following principles will help the

leader conduct a safe and efficient operation in any type of mountainous environment. We

find this principle in the acronym "BE SAFE MARINE". Remember the key, think about

what each letter means and apply this key in any type of environment.

B - Be aware of the group's ability.

E - Evaluate terrain and weather constantly.

S - Stay as a group.

A - Appreciate time requirements

F - Find shelter during storms, if required.

E - Eat plenty and drink lots of liquids.

M - Maintain proper clothing and equipment.

A - Ask locals about conditions.

R - Remember to keep calm and think.

I - Insist on emergency rations and kits.

N - Never forget accident procedures.

E - Energy is saved when warm and dry.

a. Be Aware of the Group's Ability

. It is essential that the leader evaluates the individual

abilities of his men and uses this as the basis for his planning. His evaluation should

include the following:

. Physical Fitness is the foundation for all strenuous

activities of mountaineering. Leaders must be aware of their unit’s state of

fitness and take in account for the changes in altitude, climate, and amount

of time for acclimatization.

. Units need to be positive, realistic, and honest with

themselves. There needs to be a equal balance here. A “can do” attitude

may turn into dangerous overconfidence if it isn’t tempered with a realistic

appraisal of the situation and ourselves.

3 ) Technical Skills

. The ability to conduct a vertical assault, construct rope

1 ) Physical Conditioning

2 ) Mental Attitude

installations, maneuver over snow covered terrain, conduct avalanche

search and rescue operations, etc. The more a unit applies these skills

increases their ability to operate in a mountainous environment effectively.

4 ) Individual skills

. At this point, you must choose who is most proficient at

the individual skills that will be required for your mission, navigation

techniques, security, call for fire, track plans, bivouac site selection,

skijoring, etc.

b. Evaluate Terrain and Weather Constantly

(1) Terrain. During the planning stages of a mission, the leader must absorb as much

information as possible on the surrounding terrain and key terrain features involved in

his area of operation. Considerations to any obstacles must be clearly planned for.

Will you need such things as ropes, crampons, climbing gear, skins, etc.

a) Stress careful movement in particularly dangerous areas, such as loose rock and

avalanche prone slopes.

b ) Always know your position. Knowing where you are on your planned route is

important.

(2) Weather. Mountain weather can be severe and variable. Drastic weather changes can

occur in the space of a few hours with the onset of violent storms, reduced visibility,

and extreme changes. In addition to obtaining current weather data, the leader must

plan for the unexpected "worst case". During an operation he must diagnose weather

signs continually to be able to foresee possible weather changes.

a) Constantly evaluate the conditions. Under certain conditions it may be advisable

to reevaluate your capabilities. Pushing ahead with a closed mind could spell

disaster for the mission and the unit.

b ) When in a lightning storm, turn off all radios, stage radios and weapons away

from personnel. Have personnel separate in a preferably low-lying area, or around

tall natural objects, however personnel should not come into direct contact with

trees.

c) To calculate the approximate distance in miles from a flash of lightning, count in

seconds the time from when you see the flash to when you hear the thunder, and

divide by five.

c. Stay as a Group

. Individuals acting on their own are at a great disadvantage in this

(1) Give adequate rest halts based upon the terrain and elevation,

physical condition of the unit, amount of combat load and mission

requirements.

environment.

US Marine Corps - MWTC Assault Climbers Handbook (mountaineering).pdf

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