Routledge, Adventures In Criminology (1999).pdf

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ADVENTURES IN CRIMINOLOGY
Sir Leon Radzinowicz is one of the leading figures in the development of
criminology in the twentieth century, working as an academic criminologist,
an adviser to governments and as the founding Director of the Institute of
Criminology at the University of Cambridge.
This account intertwines Sir Leon’s personal narrative as a criminologist
with the development of criminology itself. Drawing on his long career
spanning seventy years, from the 1920s to the present day, he writes about
fundamental changes which have affected our understanding of crime and
criminals, of criminal justice and penal systems, and of the tensions and
dilemmas these pose for democratic societies.
He offers a unique perspective on the intellectual and institutional history
of criminology within a wide comparative perspective.
CONTENTS
List of plates
x
Foreword by The Rt. Hon. The Lord Woolf, Master of the Rolls
xiv
1 At the creation
1
The maestro 1
The status quo 4
New horizons 9
The design of a Code of Social Defence 14
The demise of criminological positivism 19
2 From an active volcano to a well-ordered scenery
26
Return to Geneva 26
Swiss old and new ways 30
Carl Stooss 32
Searching for a via-media 33
Going beyond traditional punishment 36
Social defence slides into social aggression 38
The pioneer left behind his œuvre 41
Some preconditions for penal progress 43
3 Towards a medical model of criminal justice
48
Pressures for change in Belgium 48
Criminal anthropology at work 54
Dr Louis Vervaeck
Anthropological penitentiary services
Psychiatric annexes
Devising a penal network 62
Psychiatrists at the penal helm 66
v
Acknowledgements
xi
CONTENTS
4 A penological cul-de-sac
71
An uninspiring academic cast 71
A reactionary Ministry of Justice 72
Moving towards authoritarianism 73
Involvement and frustration 74
A put-up job to discredit me 77
My departure 77
Jumping ahead in time: tempting me to return to Poland (1945) and
a disappointing visit (1978) 78
5 Trying to break down traditional barriers
80
My mission to England 80
Paradoxical and unique institutions 81
New directions in sentencing policy 86
Grappling with persistent offenders 91
The young-adult recidivist
The habitual and professional criminal
The mentally defective
A landmark in penal legislation 104
6 The socio-liberal approach to criminal policy
111
Idealism versus realism 111
An environment conducive to continued penal reform 114
The threat of reversal 119
Retribution—deterrence—reformation: could a balance be struck? 122
Two Home Secretaries: two contrasting profiles 125
Epilogue 130
7 Reaching the harbour
132
My debt to the Howard League for Penal Reform 132
My first English friend 133
The Cambridge legacy in criminal science 135
Sir James Fitzjames Stephen: a rigid Victorian
Courtney Stanhope Kenny: a more subtle Edwardian
The first step 141
Six thrusts to indicate the relevance of criminology to criminal law 143
Time for some personal work 153
vi
CONTENTS
Mr Butler takes charge of the Home Office 164
He resolves to become a reforming Home Secretary 168
Criminological research built into the Home Office 172
The grounding of independent criminological research and teaching 175
The initial step
The first hurdle
The second hurdle
The course still bumpy
164
Some false assumptions 192
The Cambridge Institute of Criminology 200
Inter-disciplinary foundation
The postgraduate course
Doctorates in criminology
Undergraduate teaching
Building bridges with the practical world: the Advanced Course in
Criminology
Another bridge: the Cropwood Fellowships
Yet another bridge: Cropwood Round-Table Conferences
Visiting Fellows to the Institute
Programme of research
Miscellaneous but connected activities
National Conferences of Research and Teaching in Criminology
Cambridge Studies in Criminology
Building an international library of criminology
Concluding remarks
Welcomed recognitions 237
Essential acknowledgements 239
Lord Butler: a few scattered reminiscences 242
192
The six inconclusive but revealing stages 245
A deep-rooted schism disclosed
A glimmer of hope
A painful rebuff
A resurgence of abolitionist pressures
Followed by a humiliating rejection
The government in the dock
245
vii
8 Putting criminology on the national map
9 Making it work: infusing reality into an idea
10 The awkward question of capital punishment

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