Unix Commands (Aix Freebsd Hpux Linux Solaris & Tru64).pdf

Directory Mappings

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Root filesystem

{/dev/hd4} /

{/dev/ad0s1a} /

{/dev/vg00/lvol1}

{/dev/sda1} / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a}

Home Directory

/home

{/dev/hd1}

/home

{/dev/vg00/lvol4}

/export/home

/dev/vx/dsk/home}

/tmp

{/dev/hd3}

/tmp

{/dev/vg00/lvol6}

/tmp /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}

/usr

{/dev/hd2} / usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr

{/dev/vg00/lvol7}

/usr

/usr {/dev/rz0g}

/var

{/dev/hd9var} / var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var

{/dev/vg00/lvol8}

/var

Sample configuration

files

/usr/newconfig

User Accounts

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Password files

/etc/passwd

/etc/security/passwd

/ etc/passwd

/etc/master.passwd

/etc/passwd

/tcb/files/auth/r/root

/etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd

Groups file

/etc/group

/etc/security/group

/etc/group

/etc/logingroup

/etc/group

Maximum # of user ID 4294967295

65535

2147483647

65535

2147483647

65535

Allow/Deny remote

/etc/security/user

{rlogin=true}

/ etc/ttys

{secure}

/etc/securetty

{console}

/etc/securetty

{ttyp1}

/etc/default/login

{CONSOLE=/dev/console}

/etc/securettys

{ttyp1}

User nobody's id # 4294967294

65534

-2

60001 & 65534(nobody4) 65534

Group nobody's id # 4294967294

65534

-2(nogroup)

60002 & 65534(nogroup) 65534

Recover root

password

boot from CD/Tape

Installation/Maintenance

Start Limited Shell

getrootfs hdisk0

vi /etc/security/passwd

ok boot -s

passwd root

>boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

passwd root

{lilo}

control-x

linux S

passwd root

{grub}

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single

ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot

passwd root

boot cdrom -s

mkdir /tmp/a

mount /dev/c0t0d0s0

/tmp/a

vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow

press the HALT Button or

(Control-P)

>>>boot -fl s

lsmbstartup

/sbin/bcheckrc

passwd root

Create new user

mkuser

adduser

useradd

Delete user

rmuser

userdel

List users

lsuser -f ALL

logins

Modify user account chuser -a

usermod

General Commands

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Unique host ID

hostid

uname -i

hostid

Administrator

smit

sam

linuxconf

admintool

Performance monitor

top

monitor

top

glance

top

System activity

reporter

sar

sar {sysstat}

sar

/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar

Virtual Memory

statistics

vmstat

I/O statistics

iostat

iostat {sysstat}

iostat

Error logs

alog -o -t boot

errpt

dmesg

uerf -R -o full

Physical RAM

1TB

4TB

64 GB {>2.3.24}

16TB

4TB

Shared Memory

2.75GB

8TB

sysctl kernel.shmmax

Process Data Space 2GB

4GB

900 MB

Swap device

/dev/hd6

/ dev/ad0s1b

/dev/vg00/lvol2

/dev/sda2

/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol

/dev/rz0b

Swap file type

/etc/swapspaces

swap

partition type 82

swap

raw

Display swap size lsps -a

swapinfo

swapinfo -a

free

swap -l

swapon -s

Activate Swap

swapon -a

swap -a

swapon -a

Printers

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX

Solaris

Tru64

Printer Queues

/etc/qconfig

/var/spool/print

/etc/lp/interface/*

/var/spool/lpd/lp/*

/etc/lp/interfaces/*

/usr/spool/lpd

Stop LP

stopsrc -s lpd

lpshut

/etc/init.d/lpd stop

/usr/lib/lp/lpshut

/sbin/init.d/lpd stop

Start LP

startsrc -s lpd

lpd

lpsched

/etc/init.d/lpd start

/usr/lib/lp/lpsched

/sbin/init.d/lpd start

Submit print jobs

enq

lpr

qprt

lpr

LP statistics

enq -A

lpq

lpstat

qchk

lpq

lpstat

lpq

lpstat

Remove print jobs

cancel

lprm

qcan

enq -x

cancel

lprm

cancel

lprm

cancel

lprm

cancel

lprm

Add printer queue smit mkpq

lpadmin -p pq

printtool

lpadmin -p pq

lprsetup

Remove Printer queue smit rmpq

lpadmin -x pq

lprsetup

Make default printer export LPDEST="pq"

lpadmin -d pq

export PRINTER="lp"

TCP/IP

AIX

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Network IP

configuration

lsattr -E -l inet0

/etc/rc.conf

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

/etc/hostname.*

/etc/inet/*

/etc/defaultrouter

/etc/rc.config

Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts

/etc/hosts

/etc/inet/hosts

/etc/hosts

Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf

/etc/host.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/svc.conf

Network parameters no -a

sysctl

ndd -h

sysctl -a | grep net

ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?

Routing daemon

gated

routed

gated

routed

in.routed

routed

NIC Configurations ifconfig -a

ifconfig -a

lanscan -v

ifconfig -a

Secondary IP Address ifconfig en0 alias IP

ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP

modprobe ip_alias

ifconfig eth0:1 IP

ifconfig hme0:1 IP up

ifconfig ln0 alias

HERALD @

/etc/security/login.cfg

telnetd -b /etc/issue

/etc/issue

BANNER @

/etc/default/telnetd

/etc/issue

odmget -q "attribute=num

and

uniquetype=pty/pty/pty"

PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/"

odmchange -q

"attribute=num and

uniquetype=pty/pty/pty"

-o PdAt

rebuild your kernel with these

new values NPTY=#

NSTRPY=#

{/etc/system}

set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}

set npty = #

{BSD}

Increase the # of

pseudo-terminals

reboot

cd /dev

./MAKEDEV -v pty

{/etc/iu.ap}

ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat

cd /dev

./MAKEDEV PTY_1

insf -d ptys -n #

insf -d ptym -n #

insf -d pts -s # -e -v

chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P

reboot

halt

boot -r

176

{BSD}

Maximum # of ptys 512

{MAXUSERS}

256

3000

{SYSV} 8192

Remote Shell

remsh

rsh

remsh

rsh

YP/NIS service

binder

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

/sbin/ypbind

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind

System Files

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

NFS exported

/etc/exports

/etc/dfs/dfstab

/etc/dfs/sharetab

/etc/exports

NFS Client mounted

directories

/etc/xtab

/var/lib/nfs/xtab

/etc/rmtab

/var/adm/mountdtab

Max File System

128 GB

2 TB

1 TB

8000 TB {vxfs}

128 GB {<= 3.2G}

512 GB {>= 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max File Size

64 GB

128 GB

2 GB {512B block size}

8192 GB {8KB block size}

1 TB

2 GB {=

128 GB {<= 3.2G}

512 GB {>= 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max # File

Descriptors

64 K

60~ K

sysctl fs.file-max

64 K

DISK/LVM Commands

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Filesystem table

/etc/filesystems

/etc/fstab

/etc/vfstab

/etc/fstab

Free disk blocks

df -k

bdf

df -k

Device listing

lsdev -C

/sbin/ioscan

cat /proc/devices

sysdef

Disk information

bootinfo -s hdisk#

fdisk -v ad0

diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#

cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model

format -d c#t#d#

format>current

format>inquiry

file /dev/rrz0c

Disk Label

lspv -l hdisk#

disklabel ad0

pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#

fdisk -l

prtvtoc

disklabel -p rz0

LVM Concepts

Partition

sub disk

logical extents

sub disk

Volume

logical volume

Volume

Plex

Volume group

volume group

disk group

Journal Filesystem

type

jfs

vxfs

ext2

vxfs

advfs

Default volume group /dev/rootvg

/dev/vg00

/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg

/dev/vol/rootdg

Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg

vgdisplay -v vg00

vgdisplay -v

vxprint -l -g rootdg

volprint -l -g rootdg

Modify physical

volume

chpv

pvchange

Prepare physical

disk

mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#

pvcreate

vxdiskadd

voldiskadd

List physical volume lspv

vinum ld

pvdisplay

vxprint -dl

volprint -dl

Remove disk from

volume group

reducevg

vgreduce

vxdg rmdisk

voldg rmdisk

Move logical volumes

to another physical

volumes

migratepv

vinum move -f drive

object

pvmove

vxassist move

volassist move

Create volume group mkvg

vgcreate

vxdg init

voldg init

Remove volume group

vgremove

Volume group

availability

chvg

varyonvg

varyoffvg

vgchange

Restore volume group

vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group exportvg

vgexport

vxdg deport

voldg deport

Imports volume group importvg

vgimport

vxdg import

voldg import

Volume group listing lsvg

vgscan

Change logical

volume

characteristics

chlv

lvchange

vxedit set

voledit set

List logical volume lslv

vinum lv

lvdisplay

vxprint -vl

volprint -vl

Make logical volume mklv

lvcreate

vxassist make

volassist make

Extend logical

volume

extendlv

lvextend

vxassist growto

volassist growto

Reduce logical

volume

AIX reduce LV

lvreduce

vxassist shrinkto

volassist shrinkto

Remove logical

volume

rmlv

vinum rm vol

lvremove

vxedit rm

voledit -g rootdg -rf rm

vol1

Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal

lvlnboot

lilo

vxbootsetup

Remove boot volumes

lvrmboot

Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt

extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8

fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt resize2fs

vxva

mkfs -M

Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy

lvsplit

Merge mirrors

lvmerge

Create mirrors

mklv -c 2

vinum mirror drive

lvcreate -m 1

vxassist mirror

volassist make vol 100mb

mirror=true

Add mirrors

mklvcopy lv 2

lvextend -m 1

Create striped

volumes

mklv -u 3 -S 64K

vinum stripe drive

lvcreate -i 3 -I 64

vxassist make vol 100mb

layout=raid5

volassist make vol 100mb

layout=stripe

System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0

/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery

/usr/sys/bin/btcreate

Backup

savevg -i rootvg

vinum saveconfig

fbackup

tar cvf /dev/rst0 /

ufsdump

vdump

Restore

restvg

frecover

tar xvf /dev/rst0

ufsrestore

vrestore

MISC

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Startup script

/etc/rc

/ etc/rc

/sbin/rc

/etc/rc.d/rc

/sbin/init.d

Kernel

/usr/lib/boot/unix_up

/kernel

/stand/vmunix

/boot/vmlinuz

/kernel/genunix

/vmunix

Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0

sysctl -a

sysdef

kmtune

kmsystem

sysctl -a

sysdef -i

sysconfig

dxkerneltuner

Reconfigure the

kernel

cd /sys/i386/conf

vi KERNEL

config KERNEL

cd ../../compile/KERNEL

make depend

make

make install

cd /stand/build

/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v

-s system

vi system

mk_kernel -s system

cd /stand

mv system system.prev

mv vmunix vmunix.prev

mv dlkm dlkm.prev

mv /stand/build/system system

kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test

cd /usr/src/linux

make mrproper

make menuconfig

make dep

make clean

make bzimage

make install

make modules

make modules_install

vi /etc/system

reboot

doconfig

chdev -l sys0 -a

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage

/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16

mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16

vi /etc/lilo.conf

lilo

List modules

genkex

kldstat

kmadmin -s

lsmod

modinfo

Load module

kldload

kmadmin -L

insmod

modload

Unload module

kldunload

kmadmin -U

rmmod

modunload

Initialize system install_assist

/stand/sysinstall

set_parms initial

netconf

sys-unconfig

netsetup

Physical RAM

bootinfo -r

sysctl hw.physmem

grep -i Physical

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log

free

prtconf

uerf | grep memory

Kernel Bits

bootinfo -k

getconf KERNEL_BITS

getconf WORD_BIT

isainfo -kv

Crash utility

crash

adb

lcrash

crash

kdbx

Trace System Calls syscalls

truss

tusc

strace

truss

trace

Machine model

uname -m

bootinfo -m

uname -m

model

uname -m

uname -imp

uname -p

OS Level

oslevel

uname -r

sizer -v

Run Level

who -r

runlevel

who -r

Core dump files

/var/adm/ras

/var/adm/crash

/var/crash/`uname -n`

{lilo}

control-x

linux S

Boot single user

Key on service mode/F4

Boot from CD/Tape

Select Maintenance

Limited function Shell

ok boot -s

>boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

{grub}

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single

ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot

ok boot -s

>>> boot -fl s

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