Arduino_Booklet.pdf

Getting started with

arduino

Written by Massimo Banzi.

With materials written by Massimo Banzi, Erica Calogero,

David Cuartielles, Jeﬀ Gray, Tom Igoe, David Mellis and Cristian Nold.

Illustrations by Elisa Canducci.

hanks

he Arduino team is composed of:

Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, David Mellis and Gianluca Martino.

he Arduino team would like to thank the following people and institutions for the

support in making this booklet:

Aliadi Cortelletti for typesetting the booklet.

Barbara Ghella, Stefano Mirti, Claudio Moderini.

Interaction Design Lab, Milano

Domus Academy, Milano

Interaction Design Institute, Milano

Malmö University, Faculty of Art, Culture and Communication (K3)

his booklet is released under a Creative Commons License:

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5

You are free:

* to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work

* to make derivative works

Under the following conditions:

* You must attribute the work in the manner speciﬁed by the author or licensor.

* You may not use this work for commercial purposes.

* If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting

work only under a license identical to this one.

* For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this

work.

* Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright

holder.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/deed.en

arduino

Index

Introduction 4

/ what is interaction design ? 5

/ what is physical computing ? 5

the arduino way 7

/ tinkering 8

/ patching 9

/ circuit bending 10

/ keyboard hacks 11

/ we love junk 12

/ hacking toys 13

/ collaboration 14

/ the arduino hardware 15

/ the software (IDE) 16

really getting started... 19

/ the interactice device 19

/ sensors and actuators 19

/ basic introduction to programming 20

/ blinking an LED 23

/ what is electricity ? 25

/ the breadboard 28

/ reading a push button 30

/ trying out diﬀerent on~oﬀ sensors 32

/ use the light sensor instead of the pushbutton 33

/ analogue inputs 34

/ try duﬀerent resistive sensors 36

/ serial communication 37

/ analogue inputs (PWM) 39

/ driving bigger loads (motors, lams, etc…) 40

/ complex sensors 42

/ talking to software 43

Introduction

Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple i/o board

and a development environment that implements the Processing language. Arduino

can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or can be connected to software

on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, Max/MSP). he boards can be assembled by

hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free.

Arduino is diﬀerent from other platforms that can be found on the market because

of these features:

he Arduino Project was developed out of an educational environment and is

therefore great for newcomers to get things working quickly.

It is a Multi Platform environment; it can run on Windows, Macintosh and Linux.

It is Based on the Processing programming IDE

It is programmed via a USB cable not a serial port. his is useful because many

modern computers don’t have serial ports anymore.

It is Open Source hardware and software - If you wish you can download the circuit

diagram, buy all the components, and make your own, without paying anything to the

makers of Arduino.

he hardware is cheap. he USB board cost about EUR 20 and replacing a burnt out

chip on the board is easy and costs no more than EUR 5. So you can aﬀord to make

mistakes.

here is an active community of users so there is plenty of people who can help you.

What does this all mean? We’re going to discover it this through this booklet that is

designed to help designers and artistis to understand what beneﬁts they can get from

learning how to use the Arduino platform and adopting its philosophy.

/ what is interaction design?

here are many deﬁnitions of Interaction Design but the one that I like the most

is simply “Interaction Design is about the design of any interactive experience”. In

today’s world this generally is about the creation of meaningful between us (humans)

and artefacts. We also like to explore the creation of beautiful and maybe even

controversial between technology and us.

Speciﬁcally we believe in designing through an iterative process based on prototypes

of ever increasing ﬁdelity. his approach ,also part of some types of “conventional”

design, can be extended to include prototyping with technology and in particular with

electronics.

his particular brand of Interaction Design is called Physical Computing (or Physical

Interaction Design). his booklet is in no way a substitute for a book on Physical

Computing, we recommend you buy Tom Igoe’s excellent “Physical Computing”

book.

/ what is physical computing?

Physical Computing is about prototyping with electronics, turning sensors, actuators

and microcontrollers into materials for designers and artists.

It involves the design of interactive objects that can communicate with humans using

sensors and actuators controlled by a behaviour implemented as software running

inside a microcontroller.

In the past using electronics meant having to deal with engineers all the time and

this kept the designer from playing directly with the medium. Most of the tools were

meant for engineers and required extensive knowledge.

In recent years microcontrollers (small computers on a single chip) have become cheap

and easier to use allowing the creations of better tools.

he work that we have done with Arduino is to try to bring these tools one step

closer to the beginner allowing people to start building stuﬀ after only 3 or 4 days of

workshop.

With Arduino the designer or artist can get to know the basics of electronics and

sensors very quickly and start building prototypes with an investment of as little as

70EUR.

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