Programming - XML By Example.pdf - XML - godthab

www.sharexxx.net - free books & magazines

XML

BY EXAMPLE

201 West 103rd Street

Indianapolis, Indiana 46290

Benoît Marchal

Publisher

John Pierce

Acquisitions Editor

Todd Green

Development Editor

Susan Hobbs

Technical Editor

Karl Fast

Managing Editor

Thomas F. Hayes

Project Editor

Karen S. Shields

Copy Editor

Sossity Smith

Indexer

Tina Trettin

Proofreader

Maribeth Echard

Team Coordinator

Julie Otto

Media Developer

Jay Payne

Interior Designer

Karen Ruggles

Cover Designer

Rader Design

Copy Writer

Eric Borgert

Production

Louis Porter Jr.

XML by Example

duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by

any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission

from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with

respect to the use of the information contained herein.

Although every precaution has been taken in the

preparation of this book, the publisher and author

assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is

any liability assumed for damages resulting from the

use of the information contained herein.

International Standard Book Number: 0-7897-2242-9

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-66449

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing: December 1999

Trademarks

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be

trademarks or service marks have been appropriately

capitalized. Que cannot attest to the accuracy of this

information. Use of a term in this book should not be

regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or

service mark.

Warning and Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to make this book as com-

plete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or

fitness is implied. The information provided is on an

“as is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have

neither liability nor responsibility to any person or

entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from

the information contained in this book.

iii

Contents at a Glance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

1 The XML Galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

2 The XML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

3 XML Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

4 Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

5 XSL Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

6 XSL Formatting Objects and Cascading Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . .161

7 The Parser and DOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

8 Alternative API: SAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

9 Writing XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

10 Modeling for Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

11 N-Tiered Architecture and XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

12 Putting It All Together: An e-Commerce Example . . . . . . . . . . . .381

Appendix A: Crash Course on Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

The by Example Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Who Should Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

This Book’s Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Conventions Used in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

The XML Galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

A First Look at XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

No Predefined Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Stricter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

A First Look at Document Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Markup Language History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Mark-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Procedural Markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Generic Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Standard Generalized Markup Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Hypertext Markup Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

eXtensible Markup Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Application of XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Document Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Data Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Companion Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

XML Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

DOM and SAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

XLink and XPointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

XML Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

XML Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

XML Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

XML Parsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

XSL Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

The XML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

A First Look at the XML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Getting Started with XML Markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Element’s Start and End Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Names in XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Empty Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Nesting of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

XML Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Advanced Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Unicode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Special Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Processing Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

CDATA Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Frequently Asked Questions on XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Code Indenting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Why the End Tag? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

XML and Semantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Four Common Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Forget End Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Forget That XML Is Case Sensitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Introduce Spaces in the Name of Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Forget the Quotes for Attribute Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

XML Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Three Applications of XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Business Document Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

3 XML Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

The DTD Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Element Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Element Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Special Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

The Secret of Plus, Star, and Question Mark . . . . . . . . . . . .73

The Secret of Comma and Vertical Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Element Content and Indenting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Nonambiguous Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Document Type Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Internal and External Subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Public Identifiers Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Standalone Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Why Schemas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Well-Formed and Valid Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Relationship Between the DTD and the Document . . . . . . . . . . .82

Benefits of the DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Validating the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Entities and Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

General and Parameter Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Internal and External Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Managing Documents with Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Programming - XML By Example.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: