0262033291.The.MIT.Press.Paths.to.a.Green.World.The.Political.Economy.of.the.Global.Environment.Apr.2005.pdf

Paths to a Green World

The Political Economy of the Global Environment

Jennifer Clapp and Peter Dauvergne

The MIT Press

Cambridge, Massachusetts

London, England

electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or informa-

tion storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.

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or sales promotional use. For information, please e-mail special_sales@mit-

press.mit.edu or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 5 Cambridge

Center, Cambridge, MA 02142.

This book was set in Sabon by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong.

Printed and bound in the United States of America.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Clapp, Jennifer, 1963–

Paths to a green world : the political economy of the global environment /

Jennifer Clapp and Peter Dauvergne.

p. cm.

ISBN 0-262-03329-1 (alk. paper); 0-262-53271-9 (pbk: alk. paper)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Environmental economics. 2. Environmental policy. 3. Global environ-

mental change. 4. Globalization—Economic aspects. I. Dauvergne, Peter. II.

Title.

HC79.E5C557 2005

333.7—dc22

2004059256

10987654321

For our families

Contents

List of Illustrations ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xv

Acronyms xvii

1 Peril or Prosperity? Mapping Worldviews of Global Environmental

Change 1

Four Environmental Worldviews 3

Market Liberals 4

Institutionalists 7

Bioenvironmentalists 9

Social Greens 11

Conclusion 16

2 The Ecological Consequences of Globalization 19

What Is Globalization? 19

Globalization and the Global Environment 26

Conclusion 40

3 The Globalization of Environmentalism 45

The Evolution of Global Discourse on Environment and

Development 46

Global Environmental Governance 70

Conclusion 81

4 Economic Growth in a World of Wealth and Poverty 83

Wealth and Poverty for Market Liberals and Institutionalists 83

Critiques: Bioenvironmentalists and Social Greens 100

Conclusion 115

viii

Contents

5 Global Trade and the Environment 119

Globalization and Trade 121

Trade’s Impact on the Environment: Three Schools of

Thought 123

Greening of Environmental Trade Agreements? 134

Regional Trade Agreements—Opportunity for Greener

Models? 150

Conclusion 153

6 Global Investment and the Environment 157

Globalization and Transnational Corporations 158

Differential Standards: Pollution Havens, Industrial Flight, Double

Standards? 161

TNCs and Site Practices 169

Greening or Greenwash? 174

TNCs and Global Governance for Investment and the

Environment 179

Conclusion 187

7 Global Financing and the Environment 189

Scope and Trends in International Finance 190

Multilateral Lending: The World Bank and the IMF 196

Multilateral Environmental Aid and the GEF 207

Bilateral Finance: ODA and Export Credit Agencies 210

Private Finance and the Environment 214

Conclusion 216

8 Paths to a Green World? Four Visions for a Healthy Global

Environment 221

Market Liberal Vision 222

Institutionalist Vision 227

Bioenvironmentalist Vision 230

Social Green Vision 234

Clashing Visions? 238

Notes 245

References 273

Index 307

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