041529780X.RoutledgeCurzon.Irans.Persian.Gulf.Policy.From.Khomeni.to.Khatami.Mar.2003.pdf

IRAN’S PERSIAN GULF POLICY

This book discusses the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

towards the states of the Persian Gulf from 1979 to 1998. It covers the

perceptions Iranians and Arabs have of each other, Islamic revolutionary

ideology, the Iran–Iraq war, the Gulf Crisis, the election of President

Khatami and ﬁnally the role of external powers, such as the United States,

in the region.

Iran’s foreign policy has been more ideology based in the past but has

become increasingly pragmatic. Today, Iran’s Persian Gulf policy does not

differ greatly from that under the Shah. By tracing the policy over the

past two decades, including a large number of interviews, the book helps to

anticipate the relationship between Iran and the Gulf states.

Christin Marschall completed her MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies

at St Antony’s College, Oxford, and received her PhD in History and Middle

Eastern Studies from Harvard University. She lives in London and travels

frequently to Iran and the Arab world.

The mightiest of the princes of the world

Came to the least considered of his courtiers;

Sat down upon the fountain’s marble edge,

One hand amid the goldﬁsh in the pool;

And thereupon a colloquy took place

That I commend to all the chroniclers

To show how violent great hearts can lose

Their bitterness and ﬁnd the honeycomb.

‘The Gift of Harun al-Rashid’, W.B. Yeats

IRAN’S PERSIAN

GULF POLICY

From Khomeini to Khatami

Christin Marschall

TO TIM

First published 2003

by RoutledgeCurzon

11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by RoutledgeCurzon

29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.

RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,

mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,

including photocopying and recording, or in any information

storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing

from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Marschall, Christin, 1966–

Iran’s Persian Gulf policy: from Khomeini to Khatami/

Christin Marschall.

p.cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Persian Gulf Region – Foreign relations – Iran. 2. Iran – Foreign

relations – Persian Gulf Region. 3. Iran – Foreign relations –

1979–1997. 4. Iran – Foreign relations – 1997– I. Title.

DS326.M315 2003

327.55

009

048 – dc21 2002031694

ISBN 0-203-41792-5 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-41941-3 (Adobe eReader Format)

(Print Edition)

ISBN 0–415–29780–X

′

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

vii

Note on transliteration

Introduction

1 Foundations of Iran ’ s Persian Gulf policy

Iran’s history in the Persian Gulf 3

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran 10

Conclusion 24

2 Impact of the Islamic revolution

Export of revolution 26

The hajj and ideological rivalry with Saudi Arabia 45

Conclusion 60

3 The 1980s: impact of the Iran–Iraq war

From the Provisional Government to the outbreak of war,

1979–1980 62

Relations during the Iran–Iraq war, 1980–1988 69

Conclusion 98

4 The 1990s: Gulf Crisis, islands dispute and President

Khatami

100

Relations in view of the Gulf Crisis, 1989–1992 101

The Abu Musa crisis and its impact on Iranian–Gulf

relations 121

Developments in the relationship under President Khatami 142

Conclusion 148

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