Japanese - Particles - Cheatsheet.pdf - Gramatyka - MirukuHorii

J A P A N E S E P A R T I C L E S C H E A T S H E E T

͸ʗ͕ ͷ ΋

Indicate subjects by

coming after them

Meanings : “is, am, are”

The Possessive

Meanings: “ Apostrophe S” & “of”

Also / Too

Meanings: “also” and “too” - it can also

emphasize “any”

*Makes something possessive, like saying “my

monkey,” “Jenny’s friend,” or “Bobby of Sony (i.e.

Sony’s Bobby).”

Examples:

*One thing to know about ͸ is that it’s not

pronounced “ha” but pronounced “wa”

͸ emphasizes what comes after it

͕ emphasizes what comes before it

Θͨ͠ ΋

Me too / Me also

Examples:

Θͨ͠ɹ͸ɹ͜͏͍ͪɹͰ͢: I am Koichi ɹ

Θͨ͠ɹ͕ɹ͜͏͍ͪɹͰ͢: I am Koichi

* The ﬁrst example would be used when you’re

introducing yourself to someone, the second one

would be more like one of those movies where one

person has the gun pointed at two identical

targets, where they are saying “ I am Koichi” and

“No, I’m Koichi!” The important (emphasized)

part is the I portion, so you’d use ͕.

Θͨ͠ɹ ͷ ɹͳ·͑ɹ͸ɹ͜͏͍ͪɹͰ͢

My name is is Koichi

ϘοϏʔ͞Μɹ ΋ ɹΞΠΩΞɹʹɹߦ͖·͢

Bobby also will go to Ikea

ϘοϏʔ͞Μɹ ͷ ɹ͍͵ɹͰ͢

It’s Bobby’s dog

ͳʹɹ ΋ ɹͨ΂ͳ͔ͬͨ

I didn’t eat any thing

Λ ʹ

Examples:

Θͨ͠ɹ ͸ ɹ͕͍ͤ͘ɹͰ͢

I am a student (where ͸ is “am” in this sentence)

The Direct Object

How it’s used: All it does is shows what the direct

object is. Used when you’re directly doing

something (the verb) to something (the object).

Movement and Time

How it’s used: Used to show what an action is

directed to, and also shows destinations,

directions, places, and time. Remember, when you

move you use your knees (ni)

͋ͷɹ͕͍ͤ͘ɹ ͸ ɹ͹͔ɹͰ͢

That student is stupid ɹ

Examples:

͋ͳͨɹ ͸ ɹ͓΋͠Ζ͍ɹͰ͢

You are interestingɹɹ

͢͠ (object) ɹ Λ (particle) ɹͨ΂·͢ (verb)

Eat sushi

Examples:

Θͨ͠ɹ͸ɹʹ΄Μɹ ʹ ɹ͍͖·͢

I will go to Japan

ͳʹɹ͕ɹͨ΂͍ͨʁ

What is it that you want to eat?ɹ

Θͨ͠ɹ͸ɹ Xbox ɹ Λ ɹ͔͍·͢

I will buy an X-Boxɹ

̏͡ɹ ʹ ɹ͢͠ɹΛɹͨ΂·͢

At 3 o’clock I will eat sushi

͢͠ɹ͕ɹ͖͢ɹͰ͢

I like sushi / it is sushi that I like

*Not used when you aren’t directly involved or

responsible (i.e. “the radio is broken” vs. “I broke

the radio” - the second one uses Λ)

*Some Movement Verbs: ͍͖·͢ɺ͖·͢ɺ͔͑

Γ·͢ɺͷΓ·͢ɺͷ΅Γ·͢ɺ͸͍Γ·͢

͔ɺͱɺ΍ɺΑɺͶ

Emphasizing the

Destination

How it’s used: This is a lot like the particle “ni”

but emphasizes the destination. It’s more like

“heading towards” than anything else (see

examples below)

Shows Context

Meaning: “By way of” / “at”

“Other” Particles

͔ɿQuestion marker - used on the end of a

sentence to make a question, like a question mark!

ͱɿUsed to list nouns when you are listing

everything and you know everything on the list

Can show how and where an action takes place.

Examples:

͘Δ·ɹ Ͱ ɹ͍͖·͢

I went by Carɹ

΍ɿUsed to list nouns when you aren’t listing

everything, and maybe there are other things not

included.

Examples:

ʹ΄Μɹ ΁ ɹ͍͖·͢

Heading towards Japan

Θͨ͠ɹ͸ɹϨετϥϯɹ Ͱ ɹͨ΂ͨ

I ate at the restaurant

ͶɿSentence ender that gives an “isn’t it” feeling

used to receive agreement for what you’re saying.

ΑɿSentence ender that gives a “you know”

feeling, often when relaying new information.

Get more Japanese Wonk at http://www.tofugu.com ! Share this cheat sheet with your class and friends! contact @ koichi@tofugu.com

Japanese - Particles - Cheatsheet.pdf

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