The_grid_survival-2[1].pdf
(
11871 KB
)
Pobierz
Main.indd
�������������������
����
����������������������������������������������������������
�����������������
����������
������
Contents
i Introduction
i
Premises
20 Greywater
20
Greywater Pit
20
Branching System
20
Greywater Notes
21 A note on Heat
h e Purpose of Booklet
v Acknowledgements
vi Further Reading
1 Water
1 Contamination
2 Groundwater
2
Wells
4
Springs
4 Rainwater and Snow Collection
7 Surface Water Collection
7 Survival Sources
7
Dug Still
7
Transpiration
7
Dew and Condensation
8
Water in Plants
8
Observing other Animals
8 Water Treatment
8 Simple Treatments
8
Straining
8
Aeration
9
Storage
9 Disinfection
9
Disinfection by Boiling
9
Chemical Disinfection
10
Solar Disinfection
10
Distillation
12 Sand Filters
12
Slow Sand Filters
14
Rapid Sand Filters
14
General Water Notes
15 Latrines and Greywater
15 Latrines
15
Siting Latrines
15
Pit Latrines
15
Trench Latrines
16
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines
16
Other Options
17
General Latrine Notes
17 Composting Toilets
18
h e Jenkins Sawdust Toilet
19
h e Two Chamber Toilet
19
Variations
20
Composting Toilet Notes
h e Purpose of this
A note on Hea
22 Cool Food Storage
22
A note on Food Safety
22
Water Immersion
22
Cold Room
23
In-ground Cooling
24
Ice Caves / Ice Houses
25
Ice Boxes
25
Vapour Pantry / Pot-in-pot Cooler
26
Salvaged and Modifi ed Refrigerators
26
Cooling Notes:
27 Cooking
27 Hayboxes
28 Effi cient Wood-Burning
29 Open Fires
29
Building an open fi re
29
h ree stone fi re
29
Hearth variations
30
Fire hole
30 Effi cient Woodstoves
30
Winiarski Rocket Stove
31
Dona Justa Stove
31 Solar cooking
33
Simple folding solar cooker
33
Solar Oven
35
Parabolic cooker
38
Biodigested Methane
38
Cooking Notes
39 Quick Lighting and Heat
Quick Lighting and Hea
t
39 Lighting
39
Oil Lamp
39
Candles
40
Rush Light
40
Buddy Burner
40
Refl ectors
40
Improvision Exercises
40
Lighting Notes:
40 Heating
41
Notes
42 Rubbish
42 Garbage and Recycling Collection
iii
A note on Hea
t
Introduction
which is in the works, called “In the Wake: A
Collective Manual-in-Progress for Outliving Civiliza-
tion.” h is project, and my writings and life in general,
are based on the premise that industrial civilization is
destroying the world and exploiting and murdering the
inhabitants of the world. I believe that industrial civi-
lization is not capable of doing anything else, whatever
political party (or corporation, or American-installed
military dictator) is “in charge”.
lifetime division of labor, the mechanization of produc-
tion, the magnifi cation of military power, the economic
exploitation of the weak, and the universal introduction
of slavery and forced labor for both industrial and mili-
tary purposes.”
1
Anthropologist Stanley Diamond cuts to the chase, and
says simply that “Civilization originates in conquest
abroad and repression at home.”
2
I want to help to create communities which are equi-
table, ecological, and sustainable. I also believe that we
can’t do this within the machinery of industrial civiliza-
tion. More to the point, that machinery is insatiable,
imperialistic, and in the end, suicidal. Civilization is
destroying itself along with the world.
By “industrial”, I mean a society that is dependent on
machines for the basics of life. A society that needs
tractors to grow food, trucks to transport it, factories to
synthesize fertilizers, and so on, is an industrial society. A
society where people participate in the growing of their
own food and other basics by hand would not be indus-
trial.
h is introduction is necessarily brief, but I encourage
you to look at some of the resources at the end of this
introduction to learn more about the assumptions this
book is based on.
Put the two concepts together and you get industrial
civilization. h is is a society with an extreme disparity
of power, and where machines are built, and humans
mechanized, in order to serve the needs of those in
power. Since those in power want, essentially, to become
more powerful, society is caught in the claws of powerful
people who constantly seek to accelerate and extend the
exploitation of human beings and the natural world. We
can see the eff ects of this in the intense global destruc-
tion of the living world.
Premises
Let me be specifi c about what I mean by industrial
civilization. For many people, the word civilization calls
to mind words like “refi ned, safe, convenient, modern,
advanced, polite, enlightened and sophisticated.” Of
course, these words are the words that civilized people
use to describe themselves. For example, if you look
up the word “Christian” in the thesaurus, you will fi nd
words like “fair, good, high-principled, honourable,
humane, noble, right, virtuous” and other words that
Christians might use to describe themselves, but which
hardly apply to the Crusades, the Witch-Burnings, or
other such atrocities carried out by self-described Chris-
tians.
h at the world is being destroyed probably isn’t news
to you. You’ve probably heard that 90% of the fi sh in
the ocean have been killed in the past 50 years, and
that those remaining are signifi cantly smaller.
3
You’ve
probably heard that the oceans are in a state of ecologi-
cal collapse. And that phytoplankton, the basis of the
biosphere, has decreased in global population by 6% in
a mere two decades, and by as much as 30% in some
areas.
4
Populations of krill, the tiny animals just above
phytoplankton on the ocean food chain, are down by
80% in three decades.
5
You’ve probably read in the news
that global warming will kill up to 37% of all species on
earth by 2050
6
(and you’ve probably noticed that the
estimates of these casualties from global warming seem
to increase just about every week). In essence, you’ve
probably noticed, even if you only read the corporate-
owned newspapers, that the world is being ever more
For a more unbiased defi nition of civilization, we can
consider historian Lewis Mumford’s use of the word
civilization “to denote the group of institutions that fi rst
took form under kingship. Its chief features, constant in
varying proportions throughout history, are the centrali-
zation of political power, the separation of classes, the
Page i
T
his booklet is an excerpt from a larger book project
rapidly destroyed. If you’re paying attention, you don’t
even need the papers to tell you this.
and infrastructure are required to drill deeper wells, to
pump water from further away, to construct and main-
tain irrigation systems. h ings like this increase the
“weight” of civilization. And those actions tend to cause
their own problems, like depletion and salinization of
the soil, which will require more and more energy in the
future. h e weight just keeps on getting heavier.
Many, if not most of us, realize that this rapid destruc-
tion can not continue indefi nitely. A society which
destroys the land will inevitably die, because all people,
in the end, depend on the land for sustenance.
Industrial civilization also depends on energy-hungry
machines to survive. Some people seem to believe that
machines support our lives, that water comes from
the tap and potatoes come from the grocery store. But
machines only extract and centralize—I might go so far
as to say “loot and pillage”—the natural “resources” that
humans depend on. Machines don’t and can’t create life.
Now, industrial civilization has managed to persist so
far because it keeps getting more and more ropes -- that
is, it extracting more and more oil each year. But now
oil production has reached a plateau. Civilization has
as many ropes as it will ever have, but it keeps getting
heavier. h e ropes are stretched taut, and soon they’ll be
stretch to the breaking point. Some time around 2007
the gap between the demand for oil and the production
will become “unbridgeable”. h ere won’t be enough oil,
or ropes.
As peak-oil activists are publicizing, the amount of oil on
the Earth is fi nite, and civilization is running out. More
than half of the extractable petroleum is gone. Demand
is skyrocketing because of continued growth and the in-
dustrialization of the so-called “h ird World”. h e sup-
ply of oil that runs and builds the machines of industrial
civilization has peaked, and is now beginning the not-so-
slow process of running out. For a system dependent on
growth, that’s a disaster.
If you cut a rope in our strained example, maybe the
other ropes will still be able to hold it up. But if you cut
another one, and then another one, eventually the re-
maining ropes will be overloaded. h ey will all snap and
the weight will fall.
A number of recent books examine the situation with
great clarity, such as Matt Savinar’s “h e Oil Age is
Over”, and Richard Heinberg’s “h e Party’s Over: Oil,
War, and the Fate of Industrial Societies”.
But civilization isn’t a single object. A more accurate
analogy would look at civilization as a set of weights,
which are all hanging by ropes and connected to each
other by cables. Each of these weights is a segment of the
interdependent industrial economy: synthetic fertilizer
production, oil extraction, natural gas distribution, mili-
tary arms manufacturing, and so on. And each of these
weights is connected to each other by cables because
they are interdependent. Fertilizer production requires
ample supplies of natural gas, and reliable oil extraction
depends on a stable regime backed up by a well-armed
military. Once the ropes snap on one weight, it falls and
pulls on the weights connected to it by cables. And then
one after the other their ropes snap too, and the entire
apparatus falls in ruin.
Many peoples’ fi rst impression is that we won’t actually
be in trouble until the oil actually runs out completely,
several decades from now, but it’s actually much more
urgent than that. I’ll use an analogy to explain.
Imagine industrial civilization as a weight which is sus-
pended from a ceiling by many, many ropes. h ese ropes
are the constant supplies of oil that keep civilization
from crashing down.
Now imagine the weight of civilization as the energy
required to deal with all of civilization’s needs to keep
existing -- energy to build and maintain the physical
infrastructure, to transport and centralize materials and
resources, to engage in war and occupation to ensure
a constant supply of resources, to industrially produce
food for a growing population, and so on. As those
needs increase, the weight gets heavier. For example, as
the water tables in agricultural areas drop, more energy
h at’s called a “cascading industrial collapse,” and I
think it’s the most likely future for industrial civilization
within the next decade or so.
h is knowledge is a shock that many people are unable
to cope with, so they ignore it. Or they cheer for or
work on energy technologies like fuel cells with which
they hope to draw out the lifespan of civilization. But
at the same time civilization brings them their gasoline
Page ii
and electricity, it also strips away the forests that used to
provide fuel and wood for anyone who lived near them.
It poisons the air, water and soil, it empties the oceans
of fi sh and destroys the sensitive balance of the Earth’s
climate. And as it reaches out, one foot already in the
grave, to pillage the last bits of remaining “resources” it
displaces and murders those human communities that
have managed to survive as long as they can. Remaining
indigenous groups world-wide are displaced, threatened,
and assaulted to obtain more oil and minerals. Rural
communities shrivel as agriculture, forestry and fi sh-
ing become ever more mechanized, or simply cease to
exist because of deforestation and the collapse of fi sher-
ies. Even now, already a billion people, 1 out of every 6
people on the planet, live in squalid conditions in urban
slums, and that number is likely to double within the
next quarter century, according to the UN.
7
our lifestyles. h is is mere wishful thinking, but those in
power prefer it. If the truly dire nature of our situation
were universally recognized, the economy would collapse
shortly thereafter. Who would buy stocks, who would go
to work, who would put their money in the bank, if they
knew that in the coming years the collapse of industrial
civilization was inevitable?
h e situation is clearly desperate. h e upward energy
consumption trend and the downward availability trend
will collide catastrophically. h e result will be the col-
lapse of industrial civilization, and there is nothing that
anyone can do to stop it.
But there are things that people can do about it, during
and after it. Which is what this book project is for.
h e longer industrial civilization lasts the more human
and living communities it will destroy. We know that it’s
going to come down one day, and probably soon. h e
longer it exists, the worse shape we will be in. Knowing
that, we realize that it is time to bite the bullet.
Because some people identify very closely with industrial
civilization, the thought of its collapse seems like their
own death. h ey can not imagine that anything might
happen afterwards. But the collapse, in theory, doesn’t
necessarily have to be very violent, and could ideally
involve less deprivation and poverty than now exist. h is
would require an honest look at the situation by every-
one. It would mean scaling down industrial capacity as
rapidly as possible, and focusing eff orts on ensuring that
as many people as possible are fed and healthy, instead of
trying to create hydrogen cars or other false hopes.
Industrial civilization needs to end as soon as possible.
It is my starting point that if we want to have healthy
communities and landbases, which can recover from the
attacks they have faced, we must fi rst get rid of industrial
civilization. You can’t heal from an assault until the as-
sault has actually ended.
However, we know that governments and corporations
are not going to do this. It would be very unpopular,
make very little profi t, and generally distribute wealth,
power and self-determination, whereas industrialization
has concentrated the control of the basics of life in the
hands of very few people.
h ose of us who are aware of the situation are often
deluged by greenwash. h ose in power want us to believe
that the situation can be remedied by minor fi xes, by
seamlessly replacing the dirty, industrial system with
a “green,” solar and wind-powered equivalent. But it
doesn’t work that way, as the references at the end of the
introduction examine in great detail. h e “renewables”
off er only a tiny fraction of the energy required to pre-
vent collapse. And once industrial civilization has col-
lapsed it will be next to impossible to produce industrial
“renewables” like gigantic wind turbines.
h e fundamental inability of the controlling institutions
of society to deal appropriately with the situation puts
us in a rather desperate situation. It’s up to us as small,
face-to-face groups (the only groups which can really be
democratic or accountable, in my opinion) to do what
needs to be done to ensure that things turn out as well as
possible.
For many industrialized people, the severity of this
situation is almost impossible to understand, accept,
or perceive. Some people will go to any intellectual or
emotional length to deny or ignore the situation, and
insist that we can simply use hydrogen cars and solar
powered computers without fundamentally changing
The Purpose of this Booklet
Many of us are very busy with making a living, taking
care of ourselves and each other, doing activism and so
on. We can’t all spend as much time as we’d like camping
Page iii
Plik z chomika:
smifos
Inne pliki z tego folderu:
Apr08.pdf
(342 KB)
art_of_travel.pdf
(8749 KB)
Australia2010.pdf
(238 KB)
blacksmithing.pdf
(3917 KB)
Bushcraft_Notes.pdf
(9270 KB)
Inne foldery tego chomika:
Bear Grylls w miejskiej dżungli
Bear.Grylls
broń
Inżynieria przetrwania Elektryczność za darmo
Marine.Corps.Survival.School
Zgłoś jeśli
naruszono regulamin