Handbook of Soil Analysis.pdf

Marc Pansu

Jacques Gautheyrou

Handbook of Soil Analysis

Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods

Marc Pansu

Jacques Gautheyrou

Handbook

of Soil Analysis

Mineralogical, Organic

and Inorganic Methods

with 183 Figures and 84 Tables

Dr Marc Pansu

Centre IRD BP 64501

Avenue Agropolis 911

34394 Montpellier Cedex 5

France

E-mail :

pansu@mpl.ird.fr

Jacques Gautheyrou

Avenue de Marinville 6

94100 St. Maur des Fossés

France

Updated English version, corrected by Daphne Goodfellow. The original French book

"L'analyse du sol, minéralogique et minérale" by Marc Pansu and Jacques Gautheyrou,

was published in 2003 by Springer-Verlag , Berlin Heidelberg New York.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938390

ISBN-10 3-540-31210-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN-13 978-3-540-31210-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is

concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,

broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication

of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright

Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from

Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media

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Printed in The Netherlands

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not

imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant

protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg

Production: Almas Schimmel

Typesetting: SPI Publisher Services

Printing: Krips bv, Meppel

Binding: Stürtz AG, Würzburg

Printed on acid-free paper 30/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0

F OREWORD

This new book by Marc Pansu and Jacques Gautheyrou provides a

synopsis of the analytical procedures for the physicochemical analysis of

soils. It is written to conform to analytical standards and quality control.

It focuses on mineralogical, organic and inorganic analyses, but also

describes physical methods when these are a precondition for analysis. It

will help a range of different users to choose the most appropriate method

for the type of material and the particular problems they have to face. The

compiled work is the product of the experience gained by the authors in

the laboratories of the Institute of Research for Development (IRD) in

France and in tropical countries, and includes an extensive review of the

literature. The reference section at the end of each chapter lists source

data from pioneer studies right up to current works, such as, proposals for

structural models of humic molecules, and itself represents a valuable

source of information.

IRD soil scientists collected data on Mediterranean and tropical

soils in the field from West and North Africa, Madagascar, Latin

America, and South East Asia. Soil materials from these regions are often

different from those found in temperate zones. As their analysis brought

new problems to light, it was essential to develop powerful and specific

physicochemical methods. Physicists, chemists and biologists joined

forces with IRD soil scientists to contribute knowledge from their own

disciplines thereby widening its scope considerably. This work is the fruit

of these experiments as applied to complex systems, involving soils and

the environment.

The methodological range is particularly wide and each chapter

presents both simple analyses and analyses that may require sophisticated

equipment, as well as specific skills. It is aimed both at teams involved in

practical field work and at researchers involved in fundamental and

applied research. It describes the principles, the physical and chemical

basis of each method, the corresponding analytical procedures, and the

constraints and limits of each. The descriptions are practical, easy to

understand and implement. Summary tables enable a rapid overview of

the data. Complex techniques are explained under the heading

and concrete examples of methods include: spectra (near and far IR, UV-

H -NMR, C-NMR, ESR, ICP-AES, ICP-MS, X-ray

Principle

’

visible, 1 13

fluorescence, EDX or WDX microprobe, neutron activation analysis),

diffractograms (XRD, electron microdiffraction), thermograms (DTA,

DTG, TGA), chromatograms (GPC, HPLC, ionic chromatography,

exclusion chromatography), electrophoregrams, ion exchange methods,

electrochemistry, biology, different physical separation techniques,

selective dissolutions, and imagery.

‘

Foreword

The book will be valuable not only for researchers, engineers, technicians

and students in soil science, but also for agronomists and ecologists and

others in related disciplines, such as, analytical physical chemistry,

geology, climatology, civil engineering and industries associated with

soil. It is a basic work whose goal is to contribute to the scientific

analysis of the environment. The methodologies it describes apply to a

wide range of bioclimatic zones: temperate, arid, subtropical and tropical.

As with the previous books by the same authors (Pansu, Gautheyrou and

Loyer, 1998, Masson, Paris, Milan, Barcelona; Pansu, Gautheyrou and

Loyer, 2001, Balkema, Lisse, Abington, Exton, Tokyo), this new book

represents a reference work for our laboratories. We are confident its

originality and ease of use will ensure its success.

Alain Aventurier, Director of Analytical Laboratories of CIRAD 1

Christian Feller, Director of Research at IRD

Pierre Bottner, Director of Research at CNRS

1 CIRAD, Centre International pour la Recherche Agronomique et le

Développement (France).

2 IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (ex ORSTOM , France).

3 CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France).

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