ShipSafetyTraining.pdf

SEE-BERUFSGENOSSENSCHAFT

Manual

for

Ship Safety Service Training

(Lifeboat and Firefighting Service)

This Manual Comprises

the Training Manual

(SOLAS Regulation III/51)

and the Survival Manual

(IMO Resolution A.657 (16))

Ship Safety Service; .February 1996

Preface

Nine years have passed since the revision in

1986 of the manual for lifeboat training. The

basis for the revision then was amongst other

things the new chapter III "Life Saving

Appliances and Arrangements" of the 1974

International Convention for the Safety of Life at

Sea (SOLAS). Since then significant innovations

have been introduced by the coming into force of

changes to chapter III and on 1 February 1992 of

a totally new chapter IV "Radiocommunication".

These deal principally

The "Manual for Ship Safety Service Training"

introduced herewith, which replaces the two

manuals respectively for lifeboat training and

firefighting training, was therefore totally

revised and matched to current technology as

well as current legislation and standards. It is

intended as the basis for the initial training and

the continuation training on board and in the

shoreside training establishments, and also as

reference book for the practitioner.

with life

saving

The manual is at the same time intended to

stimulate repeated critical examination of the

conditions on board every ship, and

familiarisation with any existing deviations due

e.g. to the numbers and composition of the crew,

or to technical or operational peculiarities of the

vessel.

Publications such as this gain and retain their

relevance by virtue of the continuous review

based on experience gained in the course of the

regular exercises on board and from

emergencies. Critical comments from

experiences at sea are therefore always

welcome.

At this point we wish to thank all those who have

contributed to the manual most sincerely for

their valuable contributions. Sincere thanks are

also due to those who helped with the

procurement of the illustrations and the

technical information.

Hamburg, February 1996

appliances using radio technology.

1992 saw the appearance of the first edition of

the firefighting training manual. Since then

there have been significant changes in maritime

navigation in this field also. In particular

structural fire protection was improved by

changes and additions to the SOLAS convention.

A revised version of chapter 11-2 of the

convention which is applicable to this effect

came into force for all ships the keels of which

was laid down on or after 1 September 1984. Ten

years later the major part of the German

merchant fleet already complies with the new

regulations.

Furthermore there has been a development,

unimaginable a few years ago, of crews getting

smaller with ships becoming larger. Around

1980, a general cargo ship in world wide

international trade would displace about 10,000

GRT, had a propulsive power of 7000 to 8000 kW

and a crew of 30 or more. Today's container ships

have a gross tonnage up to 50,000 and 35,000

kW propulsive power. The installed generator

output is about 10,000 kVA. According to the

manning scale, ships of this size are to be

operated with a standard crew totalling 22. This

may be reduced to 14 in the case of multipurpose

crews.

However in the case of very large ships this

means that the crew numbers reach that limit

below which setting up the firefighting

organisation on board in accordance with the

principles laid down in the current manual for

firefighting training and the 1988 edition of the

guideline for drawing up muster lists is no longer

possible without making cuts.

See-Berufsgenossenschaft

Note

On every ship, the operating instructions for all

appliances and installations on board are

assembled in an orderly manner for the ship

safety service and are available to the crew in a

generally accessible place. Together with a

copy of this manual they constitute the

internationally required training manual in

accordance with Regulation III/51 of the SOLAS

Convention.

Ship Safety Service; February 1996

Manual for Ship Safety Service

Training

Preface

Ship Safety Service - Fundamental Principles .....................

1.1.

Organisation of ship safety service on board .............. .

1.1.1

Definition ...................................................

1.1.2

Firemen and lifeboatmen ......................................

1.1.3

Muster list ..................................................

1.1.4

Organisation on board ........................................

1.1.5

Command unit (CU)...........................................

1.1.6

Defense unit (DU) .............................................

1.1.7

Support unit (SU) ..............................................

1.1.8

Additional units ..............................................

1.2

The formation of units with small crews ...........................

1.2.1

Fundamental principles - Regulations - Problems - Suggested solutions

1.2.2

Safety organisation and document of safe manning ..................

1.2.3

Examples of the safety service organisation with small crews .........

1.3

Fire protection and safety plan ...................................

1.4

Training manual...............................................

Fire Protection - Basic Principle ......................

2.1

Oxidation - Combustion - Fire ........................

2.2

Combustion process ................................

2.2.1

Combustible substances .............................

2.2.2

Oxygen ...........................................

2.2.3

Ignition temperature ................................

2.2.4

Flammability ranges - Proportions of ingredients ........

2.2.5

Forms in which fire appears ..........................

2.3

Deflagration - Explosion - Detonation .................

2.4

Heat; Heat transfer - Heat build-up - Spontaneous ignition

2.5

Classes of fires .....................................

2.6

Small - Medium - Large fire ..........................

2.7

Materials .........................................

2.8

Preventive fire protection ............................

2.8.1

Structural fire protection .............................

2.8.2

Operational fire protection ...........................

2.9

Defensive fire protection .............................

2.9.1

Fire boundaries ....................................

2.9.2

Extinguishing fires ..................................

2.9.3

Extinction mechanisms ..............................

2.10

Extinguishants .....................................

2.10.1 Extinguishant water ...................................

2.10.2 Extinguishant foam ....................................

2.10.3 Extinguishant powder ..................................

2.10.4 Extinguishant carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ......................

2.10.5 Extinguishant sand - Sawdust soaked in soda - Dry substances

2.11 Danger to personnel - Accident prevention when fighting fires

2.12 Fires in ship operation ..................................

2.12.1 Fires in accommodation spaces ..........................

2.12.2 Fires in the cargo area ..................................

2.12.3 Fires in the cargo area of oil, gas or chemical tankers ........

2.12.4 Engine room fires .....................................

2.12.5 Fires as the consequence of explosions in the cargo area or in

operational compartments ..............................

Fire Defense Appliances and Systems on Board ............

3.1

Regulations - Approvals ................................

3.2

Reporting fire - Alarms .................................

3.2.1

Fire alarm systems .....................................

3.2.2

Fire alarm raised by persons .............................

3.2.3

Alarm systems ........................................

3.2.4

Alarm systems for operational compartments ...............

3.3

Fire extinguishing appliances ...........................

3.3.1

Portable fire extinguishers ..............................

3.3.2

Powder extinguishers ..................................

3.3.3

Carbon dioxide extinguishers ............................

3.3.4

Transportable fire extinguishing appliance .................

3.4

Fire extinguishing systems ..............................

3.4.1

Water fire extinguishing systems .........................

3.4.2

Sprinkler systems .....................................

3.4.3

Water-spraying systems for manual operation ..............

3.4.4

High-pressure water-spraying systems ....................

3.4.5

Foam fire extinguishing system for tankers ................

3.4.6

Combined CO 2 fire extinguishing and smoke detection system

3.4.7

Powder fire extinguishing system ........................

3.5

Firemans outfit........................................

3.5.1

Firemans outfit according to SOLAS ......................

3.5.2

Fire protection clothing .................................

3.5.3

Heat protective suit ....................................

3.6

Breathing apparates....................................

3.6.1

Compressed-air breathing apparates .....................

3.6.2

Emergency escape breathing apparates. ...................

3.7

Gas measuring instruments .............................

3.7.1

Gas detectors .......................

3.7.2

Gas concentration meters - Explosimeters

3.8

Recommended additional equipment ...

3.8.1

Case for face mask ..................

3.8.2

Lifeline bag ........................

3.8.3 Tool bag ...........................

3.8.4 Metal hose bandage ..................

3.8.5 Hose clasp ..........................

3.8.6 Hydroshield .........................

3.9 Storing the fire defense gear ...........

3.10 Maintenance of fire defense gear .......

3.10.1 Hoses ..............................

3.10.2 Fire extinguishers ....................

Conduct during Fire Exercises and in an Fire Emergency

4.1

Fire risk and fire prevention .........................

4.2

Fire prevention - Individual conduct ..................

4.2.1

Conduct during time off work........................

4.2.2

Conduct at work ..................................

4.3

Defensive fire protection ............................

4.3.1

Definitions .......................................

4.3.2

Basic principles ...................................

4.3.3

Leadership .......................................

4.3.4

Extinction tactics ..................................

4.3.5 Extinction technique ...............................

4.4 Structure of the defense unit in case of fire defense ......

4.5 The defense unit gear on fire defense .................

4.6 Service by the units in emergency ....................

4.6.1 Conduct in the event of a general emergency alarm .....

4.6.2 Check whether everyone is present...................

4.6.3 VHF radiotelephone for internal communication ........

4.6.4 Instructions from the Head of operations ..............

4.6.5 The defense unit as rescue unit. ......................

4.6.6 The defense unit on defensive fire protection ...........

4.7 Establishing the. closed-down state ...................

4.8 Fire defense training on board .......................

4.8.1 Basic principles ...................................

4.8.2 Psychological problems .............................

4.8.3 Exercise objectives ................................

4.8.4 Training the individual .............................

Service distance ...................................

Target region......................................

4.8.5

Training the unit ............................

4.8.6

Leadership training ..........................

4.8.7

Fire defense training and exercises - Organisation

4.8.8

Types of exercise ............................

4.8.9

Example of a fire defense exercise ..............

5. Life-Saving Appliances

Description of Appliances Installations and Gear

5.1

Personal life-saving appliances...................

5.1.1

Survival suit ..................................

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