Addison.Wesley.XML.and SQL Developing Web Applications.pdf

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XML and SQL: Developing Web Applications
Publisher : Addison Wesley
Pub Date : December 06, 2001
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Ta b l e
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ISBN : 0-201-65796-1
Pages : 256
"Dan's book provides something that the formal standards and development manuals
sorely lack: a context that helps developers understand how to use XML in their own
projects." -Tim Kientzle, Independent Software Consultant
XML and SQL: Developing Web Applications is a guide for Web developers and
database programmers interested in building robust XML applications backed by SQL
databases. It makes it easier than ever for Web developers to create and manage
scalable database applications optimized for the Internet.
The author offers an understanding of the many advantages of both XML and SQL
and provides practical information and techniques for utilizing the best of both
systems. The book explores the stages of application development step by step,
featuring a real-world perspective and many examples of when and how each
technology is most effective.
Specific topics covered include:
• Project definition for a data-oriented application
• Creating a bullet-proof data model
• DTDs (document type definitions) and the design of XML documents
• When to use XML, and what parts of your data should remain purely
relational
• Related standards, such as XSLT and XML Schema
• How to use the XML support incorporated into Microsoft's SQL Server(TM)
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• The XML-specific features of J2EE(TM) (Java(TM) 2 Enterprise Edition)
Throughout this book, numerous concrete examples illustrate how to use each of these
powerful technologies to circumvent the other's limitations. If you want to use the best
part of XML and SQL to create robust, data-centric systems then there is no better
resource than this book.
Chapter 1. Why XML?
In which it is revealed where my personal experience of markup languages began.
In this chapter, I take you through some of my initial experiences with markup languages,
experiences that led me to be such an advocate of information standards in general and markup
languages in particular. We discuss a simple example of the power of markup, and throughout the
chapter, I cover some basic definitions and concepts
The Lesson of SGML
In early 1995, I helped start a company, E-Doc, with a subversive business plan based on the
premise that big publishing companies (in this case, in the scientific-technical-medical arena) might
want to publish on the World Wide Web. I say "subversive" because at the time it was just that—the
very companies we were targeting with our services were the old guard of the publishing world, and
they had every reason in the world to suppress and reject these new technologies. A revolution was
already occurring, especially in the world of scientific publishing. Through the Internet, scientists
were beginning to share papers with other scientists. While the publishing companies weren't
embracing this new medium, the scientists themselves were, and in the process they were bypassing
traditional journal publication entirely and threatening decades of entrenched academic practice.
Remember, the Internet wasn't seen as a viable commercial medium back then; it was largely used
by academics, although we were starting to hear about the so-called "information superhighway."
Despite the assurance of all my friends that I was off my rocker, I left my secure career in the
client/server software industry to follow my nose into the unknown. In my two years at E-Doc, I
learned a great deal about technology, media, business, and the publishing industry, but one lesson
that stands out is the power of SGML.
An international standard since 1986, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is the
foundation on which modern markup languages (such as HTML or Hypertext Markup Language, the
language of the Web) are based. SGML defines a structure through which markup languages can be
built. HTML is a flavor of SGML, but it is only one markup language (and not even a particularly
complex one) that derives from SGML. Since its inception, SGML has been in use in publishing, as
well as in industry and governments throughout the world.
Because many of the companies we were dealing with at E-Doc had been using flavors of SGML to
encode material such as books and\animtext5 journal articles since the late 1980s, they had
developed vast storehouses of SGML data that was just waiting for the Internet revolution. Setting

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