Indo-european linguistics.pdf

Michael Meier-Brugger

Indo-European Linguistics

In cooperation with Matthias Fritz and Manfred Mayrhofer

Translated by Charles Gertmenian

Waiter de Gruyter . Berlin' New York

2003

Michael Meier�Briigger holds the Chair in Comparative and Indo�European Linguistics

at the Free University of Berlin, Germany.

Matthias Frit: is Research Fellow in the Department of Comparative and Indo-Euro�

pean Linguistics at the Free University of Berlin, Germany.

Man/red Mayrho/er is Emeritus Professor of Comparative and Indo-European Linguis�

tics at the University of Vienna, Austria.

Contents

Univerzitna kniznica

V Bratislave

I I 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 11 1

*1800256290*

Contents .................................................................................................. V

Preface to the Seventh German Edition (2000) ...................................... IX

Preface to the Eighth German Edition (2002) ...................................... XIIl

Preface to the English Translation of the Eighth German Edition ........... XV

3 o )

Terminology, Symbols, Abbreviations ............................................... XVII

1. Terminology ........................................................................... XVII

2. Symbols, Writing Conventions, Citing Conventions ............... XVIII

3. Abbreviations .............................................................. . ........... I

I. Introduction ..............................•.......................................................... 1

A. The Field and its Study ................................................................... 1

@ Printed on acid�free paper which falls within the guidelines

or the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability,

B. Indo-European Linguistics in the Age of the PC and the Intenet .... 6

C. A Word on the History ofIndo-European Linguistics ..................... 9

ISBN 3-1 1-017433-2

D. Overview of the Indo-European Lguages and their Sources ...... 17

1. General Information .................................................................... 17

2. The Individual lE Language Families and their Sources ............... 18

E. The Reconstruction of Pro to-In do-European ................................ 41

1. Examples of Reconstruction ............................................. . ......... 41

2. Fundamentals of Reconstruction ........................................ . ........ 56

3. The Time, Place, and Culture of the Proto-Indo-Europeans ........ 63

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibfiolhek

Die Deulsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografic;

detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.

book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval

system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover design: Hansbend Lindemann, Berlin

Printing and Binding: WB�Druck, Rieden am Forggensce

Printed in Germany

.nL

n . Proto-Indo-European Phonology ...................................................... 71

A. General Information ............................................. .. ...................... 71

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B ATI�LAV

Contents

C ontents

VII

B. Proto-Indo-European Vowels .................. . ........... . ........................ 75

D. Prono uns .................................................................................... 224

I. Vowels .................................................................... · .................. 75

I . General Information .................................................................. .224

2. Semivowels ................................. . ............................. . ........... . .... 85

2. Personal and Possessive Pronouns .......... . ................................. . 225

3. Diphthongs ................................................ . ........... . .................... 91

3. Interrogative and Indenite Pronouns ................................... .. ... 227

C. Proto-Indo-European Consonants ................................................ 96

I. Liquids and Nasals ...................................................................... 96

4. Relatives, Demonstratives, and Pronominals .............................. 228

5. Correlative Pronouns ................................................................. 231

2. Continuants s (and >?) .. ............. . .. .. .. . . .......................... . ....... . .... 102

E. Numerals ............................... . ..................................................... 231

3. Lngeals .......... . ............. . ... . .................................. . ................. 106

I . General Information ................................................................... 231

4. Occlusives ................................................................................. 124

2. Cardinal Numbers ...................................................................... 232

5. Dentals ................................................................... · .. · .... · .......... 126

3. Ordinal Numbers ................................. ................ ..................... .236

6. Labials ....................................................................................... 128

4. Numerical Adverbs .................................................................... 236

7. Tectals ............................................................................... · ....... 129

8. Assimilations and Dissimilations ..... . ..... . ................ . ................... 136

D. Larger Phonetic Unities .............................................................. 140

I. Word, Sentence, Text ........ . ............... .. ... . . ................. . ............. . . 140

IV. Proto-Indo-European Syntax, prepared by M. Fritz ........................ 238

A. General Information ........................ . ....................................... . ... 238

2. Accent; Word-initial, Word-final and Sandhi Phenomena ........... 141

3. Syllable ..... . ................................................................................ 142

4. Ablaut ....................................................................................... 144

5. Accent .......................... . ............................................................ 152

B. Sentence Syntax .................................. . .... . .................................. 242

I. General Information ...................................................... . ... . ........ 242

2. Parataxis and Hypotaxis ............................................................. 244

3. Verbal and Nominal Phrases ........................... .. ......................... 247

C. Verbal Morphosyntax ...... . ........................................................... 25 I

Ill. Proto-Indo-European Morphology ............. . ................................... 159

A. General Information ........................... . ........................................ 1 59

I. General Information ................................................................... 25 I

2. Person and Number ....... . .............................. .. ....................... .. .. 25 I

3. Tense-Aspect and Mood ........ . ................................................... 252

B. Verbs .......................................................................................... 163

4. Diathesis .................................................................................... 259

I. General Information ................ . .................................................. 163

2. Verbal Stem Formation ........................................................... .. . 164

3. The Verb Ending ...................................... . ............................. . . . 178

4. The Augment.. ........................................................................... 182

5. Verbal Accent.. .......................................................................... 183

6. In finitive Verb Forms ................................................................. 184

D. Noal Mophontx ............................................................... 261

I. Nominal Properties ...................... . . ... . ..... . .................................. 261

a ) Case ...... . ................................................. . ............... . ........... 261

b ) Numer ............................................................................... 274

c ) Gender ....................................................................... .. ....... 275

7. Paraphrastic Constructions ........................................................ 186

V. The Proto-Indo-European Lexicon .................................................. 277

C. Nouns and Adjectives ........... . ................ . ... . .... .. . . ......................... 1 87

I. General Information ................................................................... 187

2. Nominal Stem Formation ........................................................... 193

3. Nominal Endings ....................................................................... 195

4. Ilection Paradigms and their Ablaut Classes ............................ 20 I

5. Formal Characteristics of the Adjective ... . .................................. 218

A. General Information ......... . ..... . .. . ........ . ........................................ 277

B . Word Formation ............................ . ... . ......................................... 280

I. General Information ....................................... . ............... . ........... 280

�. Word Formation Using Suixes; Sufix Systems ..... .. ...... . ... . ...... 281

. Word Formation by Composition .... .. ... . ............................ . ........ 291

VIII

Contents

C. The Lexicon of Nmes ...... . ................................................... . ... . . 294

I. General Infonnation ...................................... . ... . .... .. ... . .............. 294

2. Names of Persons and Deities .................................................... 295

3. Formation of Place Names ......................................................... 298

Preface to the Seventh German Edition (2000)

VI. Bibliography and Key to Reference Citations ... . ... . .... . ... . ................. 301

Tbe ield of Indo-European linguistics has een represented in the

Sammlung Goschen (SG) 1 for a long time. Rudolf Meringer, author of the

st treatise, was a professor at the University of Vienna at the time of the

first edition and at the University of Graz at the time of the third. The rst

edition ' comprised the following parts: Section I, 'The Science of Lan

guage and its Developments"; Section 2, "The Indo-European Lan

guages"; Section 3, 'The Proto-Indo-European Language" (with accen

tuation, phonology and morphology); and Section 4, "Culture and Geo

graphical Origin of the Indo-Europeans." Pages I through 66 were

printed in Fraktur. The second edition, J was not altered. For the third

revised edition,

VII. Index .......................................................................................... .374

in the second main section, a subsection n on rules of

pronunciation was added and the fourth chapter evolved into one of the

main sections. Further, a section on abbreviations was added to the end.

Soon ater the Second World War, Hans Krahe was engaged as a new

author at the publishing house. He had been a professor at the University

of Wiirzburg at the time of the publication of his first edition; at the time

of the publication of the second edition, he was a professor in Heidelberg.

Since the publication of s third edition, he has een at the University of

Tiibingen. The first Krahe edition ' includes: Part I, "The Indo-European

Language Group"; Part 2, "Phonetics"; and Part 3, "Morphology." The

second edition' was unchanged. The third edition was revised in two vol

umes. The first of these, Inroduction and Phonoloy, ' includes: Part I,

"General Infonnation" and Pt 2, "Phonology." The second volume '

treats Mopholoy. The fourth edition was a revision of these volumes:

' F '

3 1897 (SO 59) 136 pages.

1899 (SO 59) 136 pages.

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