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Grzimek’s
Animal Life Encyclopedia
Second Edition
●●●●
 
Grzimek’s
Animal Life Encyclopedia
Second Edition
●●●●
Volume 9
Birds II
Jerome A. Jackson, Advisory Editor
Walter J. Bock, Taxonomic Editor
Donna Olendorf, Project Editor
Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator
Michael Hutchins, Series Editor
In association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association
661109442.001.png
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition
Volume 9: Birds II
Project Editor
Donna Olendorf
Editorial
Deirdre Blanchfield, Madeline Harris,
Christine Jeryan, Kristine M. Krapp, Kate
Kretschmann, Melissa C. McDade, Mark
Springer
Permissions
Kim Davis
Imaging and Multimedia
Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine
O’Bryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young
Product Design
Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi
Manufacturing
Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper
© 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale
Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc.
Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™
are trademarks used herein under license.
For permission to use material from this
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Cover photo of African jacana ( Actophilornis
africanus ) by Nigel Dennis, Photo Researchers,
Inc. Back cover photos of sea anemone by
AP/Wide World Photos/University of Wisconsin-
Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog, and
green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust
© 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F.
Kinnaird; and tiger by Jeff Lepore/Photo
Researchers. All reproduced by permission.
While every effort has been made to
ensure the reliability of the information
presented in this publication, The Gale Group,
Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the
data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc.
accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion
in the publication of any organization,
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individual does not imply endorsement of the
editors and publisher. Errors brought to the
attention of the publisher and verified to the
satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected
in future editions.
ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set)
0-7876-6571-1 (vols. 8-11 set)
0-7876-5784-0 (vol. 8)
0-7876-5785-9 (vol. 9)
0-7876-5786-7 (vol. 10)
0-7876-5787-5 (vol. 11)
For more information, contact
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work covered by the copyright
hereon may be reproduced or used in any
form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
mechanical, including photocopying,
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Grzimek, Bernhard.
[Tierleben. English]
Grzimek’s animal life encyclopedia.— 2nd ed.
v. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes / Neil Schlager, editor
— v. 2. Protostomes / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 3. Insects / Neil Schlager, editor —
v. 4-5. Fishes I-II / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 6. Amphibians / Neil Schlager, editor
— v. 7. Reptiles / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 8-11. Birds I-IV / Donna Olendorf, edi-
tor — v. 12-16. Mammals I-V / Melissa C. McDade, editor — v. 17. Cumulative
index / Melissa C. McDade, editor.
ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (set hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Zoology—Encyclopedias. I. Title: Animal life encyclopedia. II.
Schlager, Neil, 1966- III. Olendorf, Donna IV. McDade, Melissa C. V. American Zoo
and Aquarium Association. VI. Title.
QL7 .G7813 2004
.3—dc21
2002003351
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Recommended citation: Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volumes 8–11, Birds I–IV, edited by Michael
Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock, and Donna Olendorf. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2002.
590
661109442.002.png 661109442.003.png
• • • • •
Contents
Foreword ...................................... viii
How to use this book ............................ xi
Advisory boards ................................. xiii
Contributing writers ............................. xv
Contributing illustrators ......................... xviii
Family: Tropicbirds .......................... 187
Family: Frigatebirds .......................... 193
Family: Cormorants and anhingas .............. 201
Family: Boobies and gannets .................. 211
Family: Pelicans ............................. 225
Volume 8: Birds I
What is a bird? ................................. 3
Birds and humans ............................... 19
Avian migration and navigation .................... 29
Avian song ..................................... 37
Avian flight .................................... 45
Order STRUTHIONIFORMES
Tinamous and ratites ............................ 53
Family: Tinamous ........................... 57
Family: Rheas ............................... 69
Family: Cassowaries .......................... 75
Family: Emus ............................... 83
Family: Kiwis ............................... 89
Family: Moas ............................... 95
Family: Ostriches ............................ 99
Family: Elephant birds ....................... 103
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Tubenosed seabirds ............................. 107
Family: Albatrosses .......................... 113
Family: Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars ........ 123
Family: Storm-petrels ........................ 135
Family: Diving-petrels ........................ 143
Order SPHENISCIFORMES
Penguins
Family: Penguins ............................ 147
Order GAVIIFORMES
Loons
Family: Loons .............................. 159
Order PODICIPEDIFORMES
Grebes
Family: Grebes .............................. 169
Order PELECANIFORMES
Pelicans and cormorants ......................... 183
Order CICONIIFORMES
Herons, storks, spoonbills, ibis, and New World
vultures ....................................... 233
Family: Herons and bitterns ................... 239
Family: Hammerheads ....................... 261
Family: Storks .............................. 265
Family: New World vultures .................. 275
Family: Shoebills ............................ 287
Family: Ibises and spoonbills .................. 291
Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES
Flamingos
Family: Flamingos ........................... 303
Order FALCONIFORMES
Diurnal birds of prey ............................ 313
Family: Hawks and eagles ..................... 317
Family: Secretary birds ....................... 343
Family: Falcons and caracaras ................. 347
Order ANSERIFORMES
Ducks, geese, swans, and screamers ................ 363
Family: Ducks, geese, and swans ............... 369
Family: Screamers ........................... 393
Order GALLIFORMES
Chicken-like birds ............................... 399
Family: Moundbuilders ....................... 403
Family: Curassows, guans, and chachalacas ....... 413
Family: Guineafowl .......................... 425
Family: Fowls and pheasants .................. 433
Family: New World quails .................... 455
Order OPISTHOCOMIFORMES
Hoatzins
Family: Hoatzins ............................ 465
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia
v
Contents
For further reading .............................. 469
Organizations ................................... 474
Contributors to the first edition .................... 479
Glossary ....................................... 486
Aves species list ................................. 497
Geologic time scale .............................. 560
Index .......................................... 561
Order STRIGIFORMES
Owls .......................................... 331
Family: Barn owls ........................... 335
Family: Owls ............................... 345
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Nightjars ...................................... 367
Family: Oilbirds ............................. 373
Family: Frogmouths ......................... 377
Family: Owlet-nightjars ...................... 387
Family: Potoos .............................. 395
Family: Nightjars ............................ 401
Volume 9: Birds II
Order GRUIFORMES
Cranes, rails, and relatives ........................ 1
Family: Mesites and roatelos .................. 5
Family: Buttonquails ......................... 11
Family: Cranes .............................. 23
Family: Limpkins ............................ 37
Family: Kagus .............................. 41
Family: Rails, coots, and moorhens ............. 45
Family: Sungrebes ........................... 69
Family: Sunbitterns .......................... 73
Family: Trumpeters .......................... 77
Family: Seriemas ............................ 85
Family: Bustards ............................ 91
Order APODIFORMES
Swifts and hummingbirds ........................ 415
Family: Swifts ............................... 421
Family: Tree swifts .......................... 433
Family: Hummingbirds ....................... 437
Order COLIIFORMES
Mousebirds
Family: Mousebirds .......................... 469
Order TROGONIFORMES
Trogons
Family: Trogons ............................ 477
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Gulls, terns, plovers, and other shorebirds ........... 101
Family: Jacanas .............................. 107
Family: Painted snipes ........................ 115
Family: Crab plovers ......................... 121
Family: Oystercatchers ....................... 125
Family: Stilts and avocets ..................... 133
Family: Thick-knees ......................... 143
Family: Pratincoles and coursers ............... 151
Family: Plovers and lapwings .................. 161
Family: Sandpipers .......................... 175
Family: Seedsnipes ........................... 189
Family: Sheathbills .......................... 197
Family: Gulls and terns ....................... 203
Family: Auks, puffins, and murres .............. 219
For further reading .............................. 487
Organizations ................................... 492
Contributors to the first edition .................... 497
Glossary ....................................... 504
Aves species list ................................. 515
Geologic time scale .............................. 578
Index .......................................... 579
Volume 10: Birds III
Order CORACIIFORMES
Kingfishers, todies, hoopoes, and relatives ........... 1
Family: Kingfishers .......................... 5
Family: Todies .............................. 25
Family: Motmots ............................ 31
Family: Bee-eaters ........................... 39
Family: Rollers .............................. 51
Family: Hoopoes ............................ 61
Family: Woodhoopoes ....................... 65
Family: Hornbills ............................ 71
Order PTEROCLIFORMES
Sandgrouse
Family: Sandgrouse .......................... 231
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Pigeons, doves, and dodos ........................ 241
Family: Pigeons and doves .................... 247
Family: Dodos and solitaires .................. 269
Order PICIFORMES
Woodpeckers and relatives ....................... 85
Family: Jacamars ............................ 91
Family: Puffbirds ............................ 101
Family: Barbets ............................. 113
Family: Toucans ............................ 125
Family: Honeyguides ......................... 137
Family: Woodpeckers, wrynecks, and piculets .... 147
Order PSITTACIFORMES
Parrots
Family: Parrots .............................. 275
Order MUSOPHAGIFORMES
Turacos and plantain eaters
Family: Turacos and plantain eaters ............ 299
Order PASSERIFORMES
Perching birds .................................. 169
Family: Broadbills ........................... 177
Family: False sunbirds and asities .............. 187
Order CUCULIFORMES
Cuckoos, anis, and roadrunners
Family: Cuckoos, anis, and roadrunners ......... 311
vi
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia

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