Ultra High Speed Flash Microcontroller Users Guide (Maxim).pdf

Rev: 10; 3/08

ULTRA-HIGH-SPEED FLASH MICROCONTROLLER USER’S GUIDE

16kB

FLASH MEMORY

1kB

SRAM

DUAL DATA

POINTERS

WITH AUTO-

SELECT

INCREMENT/

DECREMENT

HIGH-SPEED

ONE CLOCK-CYCLE

8051 MICROPROCESSOR

FOUR

8-BIT

PARALLEL

PORTS

DUAL SERIAL

PORTS

The Ultra-High-Speed Flash Microcontroller User’s Guide should be used in conjunction with the data sheet(s) for all ultra-high-speed flash microcontrollers.

______________________________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products i

Ultra-High-Speed Flash

Microcontroller User’s Guide

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

SECTION 2: Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

SECTION 3: Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

SECTION 4: Programming Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

SECTION 5: CPU Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

SECTION 6: Memory Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

SECTION 7: Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

SECTION 8: Reset Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

SECTION 9: Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-1

SECTION 10: I/O Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-1

SECTION 11: Programmable Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-1

SECTION 12: Serial I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-1

SECTION 13: Timed-Access Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-1

SECTION 14: Instruction Set Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1

SECTION 15: Program Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-1

REVISION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rev-1

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ii

Ultra-High-Speed Flash

Microcontroller User’s Guide

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

Maxim’s ultra-high-speed flash microcontroller is an 8051-compatible microcontroller that provides improved performance and power

consumption when compared to the original 8051 version. It retains instruction set and object code compatibility with the 8051, yet per-

forms the same operations in fewer clock cycles. Consequently, greater throughput is possible for the same crystal speed. As an alter-

native, the device can be run at a reduced frequency to save power. The more efficient design allows a much slower crystal speed to

get the same results as an original 8051, using much less power.

The fundamental innovation of the ultra-high-speed flash microcontroller is the use of only one clock per instruction cycle compared

with 12 for the original 8051. This results in up to 12 times improvement in performance over the original 8051 architecture and up to

four times improvement over other Maxim high-speed microcontrollers. The device provides several peripherals and features in addi-

tion to all of the standard features of an 80C32. These include 16kB/32kB/64kB of on-chip flash memory, 1kB of on-chip RAM, four 8-bit

I/O ports, three 16-bit timer/counters, two on-chip UARTs, dual data pointers, an on-chip watchdog timer, five levels of interrupt priority,

and a crystal multiplier. The device provides 256 bytes of RAM for variables and stack; 128 bytes can be reached using direct or indirect

addressing, or using indirect addressing only.

In addition to improved efficiency, it can operate at a maximum clock rate of 33MHz. Combined with the 12 times performance, this

allows for a maximum performance of 33 million instructions per second (MIPS). This level of computing power is comparable to many

16-bit processors, but without the added expense and complexity if implementing a 16-bit interface.

The device incorporates a power-management mode that allows the device to dynamically vary the internal clock speed from 1 clock

per cycle (default) to 1024 clocks per cycle. Because power consumption is directly proportional to clock speed, the device can reduce

its operating frequency during periods of little switchback. This greatly reduces power consumption. The switchback feature allows the

device to quickly return to highest speed operation upon receipt of an interrupt or serial port activity, allowing the device to respond to

external events while in power-management mode.

___________________________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1-1

Ultra-High-Speed Flash

Microcontroller User’s Guide

SECTION 2: ORDERING INFORMATION

The ultra-high-speed flash microcontroller family follows the part numbering convention shown below. Note that not all combinations of

devices may be currently available. Contact a Maxim sales office for up-to-date details.

DS89C420-QCL

SPEED:

33MHz

TEMPERATURE:

0 ° C to +70 ° C

-40 ° C to+85 ° C

PDIP

PACKAGE:

PLCC

Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP)

OPERATING VOLTAGE: 0

+5V

MEMORY TYPE:

Flash

___________________________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 2-1

Ultra-High-Speed Flash

Microcontroller User’s Guide

SECTION 3: ARCHITECTURE

This section contains the following information:

ALU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Special-Function Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

B Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Program Status Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Data Pointer(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

I/O Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Timer/Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

UARTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Scratchpad Registers (RAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Working Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Program Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Address/Data Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Power Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Timing Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3-1 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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