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Voltaire_0060.01
Voltaire_0060.01
09/15/2005 04:50 PM
THE ONLINE LIBRARY OF LIBERTY
© Liberty Fund, Inc. 2005
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VOLTAIRE, CANDIDE (THE WORKS VOL. 1) (1759)
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Voltaire was one of the leading figures of the
French Enlightenment. He first made a name
for himself as a poet and playwright before
turning to political philosophy, history,
religious criticism, and other literary activities.
ABOUT THE BOOK
Taken from the 21 volume 1901 edition of the
Complete Works, this is Voltaire’s most famous
"philosophic tale" in which he makes fun of the
idea that "this is the best of all possible
worlds" by showing how much injustice and
folly there really is in the world. He targets
slavery, religious intoleration, and tyranny. He
concludes that each person should "tend to
their own garden" and leave others alone to
do likewise.
THE EDITION USED
The Works of Voltaire, A Contemporary
Version, (New York: E.R. DuMont, 1901), A
Critique and Biography by John Morley, notes
by Tobias Smollett, trans. William F. Fleming.
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
The text of this edition is in the public domain.
FAIR USE STATEMENT
This material is put online to further the
educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless
otherwise stated in the Copyright Information
section above, this material may be used
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freely for educational and academic purposes.
It may not be used in any way for profit.
_______________________________________________________
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PUBLISHER’S PREFACE.
INTRODUCTION.
THE MANY-SIDED VOLTAIRE.
INCIDENTS IN HIS LIFE.
OLIVER GOLDSMITH ON VOLTAIRE.
VICTOR HUGO ON VOLTAIRE.
ENDNOTES
CANDIDE; OR, THE OPTIMIST.
CHAPTER I. HOW CANDIDE WAS BROUGHT UP IN A MAGNIFICENT CASTLE AND
HOW HE WAS DRIVEN THENCE.
CHAPTER II. WHAT BEFELL CANDIDE AMONG THE BULGARIANS.
CHAPTER III. HOW CANDIDE ESCAPED FROM THE BULGARIANS, AND WHAT
BEFELL HIM AFTERWARDS.
CHAPTER IV. HOW CANDIDE FOUND HIS OLD MASTER PANGLOSS AGAIN AND
WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM.
CHAPTER V. A TEMPEST, A SHIPWRECK, AN EARTHQUAKE; AND WHAT ELSE
BEFELL DR. PANGLOSS, CANDIDE, AND JAMES THE ANABAPTIST.
CHAPTER VI. HOW THE PORTUGUESE MADE A SUPERB AUTO-DA-FÉ TO PREVENT
ANY FUTURE EARTHQUAKES, AND HOW CANDIDE UNDERWENT PUBLIC
FLAGELLATION.
CHAPTER VII. HOW THE OLD WOMAN TOOK CARE OF CANDIDE, AND HOW HE
FOUND THE OBJECT OF HIS LOVE.
CHAPTER VIII. CUNEGUND’S STORY.
CHAPTER IX. WHAT HAPPENED TO CUNEGUND, CANDIDE, THE GRAND
INQUISITOR, AND THE JEW.
CHAPTER X. IN WHAT DISTRESS CANDIDE, CUNEGUND, AND THE OLD WOMAN
ARRIVE AT CADIZ; AND OF THEIR EMBARKATION.
CHAPTER XI. THE HISTORY OF THE OLD WOMAN.
CHAPTER XII. THE ADVENTURES OF THE OLD WOMAN CONTINUED.
CHAPTER XIII. HOW CANDIDE WAS OBLIGED TO LEAVE THE FAIR CUNEGUND
AND THE OLD WOMAN.
CHAPTER XIV. THE RECEPTION CANDIDE AND CACAMBO MET WITH AMONG THE
JESUITS IN PARAGUAY.
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CHAPTER XV. HOW CANDIDE KILLED THE BROTHER OF HIS DEAR CUNEGUND.
CHAPTER XVI. WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR TWO TRAVELLERS WITH TWO GIRLS,
TWO MONKEYS, AND THE SAVAGES, CALLED OREILLONS.
CHAPTER XVII. CANDIDE AND HIS VALET ARRIVE IN THE COUNTRY OF EL
DORADO—WHAT THEY SAW THERE.
CHAPTER XVIII. WHAT THEY SAW IN THE COUNTRY OF EL DORADO.
CHAPTER XIX. WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM AT SURINAM, AND HOW CANDIDE
BECAME ACQUAINTED WITH MARTIN.
CHAPTER XX. WHAT BEFELL CANDIDE AND MARTIN ON THEIR PASSAGE.
CHAPTER XXI. CANDIDE AND MARTIN, WHILE THUS REASONING WITH EACH
OTHER, DRAW NEAR TO THE COAST OF FRANCE.
CHAPTER XXII. WHAT HAPPENED TO CANDIDE AND MARTIN IN FRANCE.
CHAPTER XXIII. CANDIDE AND MARTIN TOUCH UPON THE ENGLISH COAST—
WHAT THEY SEE THERE.
CHAPTER XXIV. OF PACQUETTE AND FRIAR GIROFLÉE.
CHAPTER XXV. CANDIDE AND MARTIN PAY A VISIT TO SEIGNOR POCOCURANTÉ,
A NOBLE VENETIAN.
CHAPTER XXVI. CANDIDE AND MARTIN SUP WITH SIX SHARPERS—WHO THEY
WERE.
CHAPTER XXVII. CANDIDE’S VOYAGE TO CONSTANTINOPLE.
CHAPTER XXVIII. WHAT BEFELL CANDIDE, CUNEGUND, PANGLOSS, MARTIN, ETC.
CHAPTER XXIX. IN WHAT MANNER CANDIDE FOUND MISS CUNEGUND AND THE
OLD WOMAN AGAIN.
CHAPTER XXX. CONCLUSION.
ENDNOTES
PART II.
CHAPTER I. HOW CANDIDE QUITTED HIS COMPANIONS, AND WHAT HAPPENED
TO HIM.
CHAPTER II. WHAT BEFELL CANDIDE IN THIS HOUSE—HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.
CHAPTER III. CANDIDE’S RECEPTION AT COURT AND WHAT FOLLOWED.
CHAPTER IV. FRESH FAVORS CONFERRED ON CANDIDE; HIS GREAT
ADVANCEMENT.
CHAPTER V. HOW CANDIDE BECAME A VERY GREAT MAN, AND YET WAS NOT
CONTENTED.
CHAPTER VI. THE PLEASURES OF CANDIDE.
CHAPTER VII. THE HISTORY OF ZIRZA.
CHAPTER VIII. CANDIDE’S DISGUSTS—AN UNEXPECTED MEETING.
CHAPTER IX. CANDIDE’S DISGRACES, TRAVELS, AND ADVENTURES.
CHAPTER X. CANDIDE AND PANGLOSS ARRIVE AT THE PROPONTIS—WHAT THEY
SAW THERE—WHAT BECAME OF THEM.
CHAPTER XI. CANDIDE CONTINUES HIS TRAVELS.
CHAPTER XII. CANDIDE STILL CONTINUES HIS TRAVELS—NEW ADVENTURES.
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CHAPTER XIII. THE HISTORY OF ZENOIDA—HOW CANDIDE FELL IN LOVE WITH
HER.
CHAPTER XIV. CONTINUATION OF THE LOVES OF CANDIDE.
CHAPTER XV. THE ARRIVAL OF WOLHALL—A JOURNEY TO COPENHAGEN.
CHAPTER XVI. HOW CANDIDE FOUND HIS WIFE AGAIN AND LOST HIS MISTRESS.
CHAPTER XVII. HOW CANDIDE HAD A MIND TO KILL HIMSELF, AND DID NOT DO
IT—WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM AT AN INN.
CHAPTER XVIII. CANDIDE AND CACAMBO GO INTO A HOSPITAL—WHOM THEY
MEET THERE.
CHAPTER XIX. NEW DISCOVERIES.
CHAPTER XX. CONSEQUENCE OF CANDIDE’S MISFORTUNE—HOW HE FOUND HIS
MISTRESS AGAIN—THE FORTUNE THAT HAPPENED TO HIM.
ENDNOTES
_______________________________________________________
VOLTAIRE, CANDIDE (THE WORKS VOL. 1) (1759)
PUBLISHER’S PREFACE.
Students of Voltaire need not be told that nearly every important circumstance in connection
with the history of this extraordinary man, from his birth to the final interment of his ashes in
the Panthéon at Paris, is still matter of bitter controversy.
If, guided in our judgment by the detractors of Voltaire, we were to read only the vituperative
productions of the sentimentalists, the orthodox critics of the schools, the Dr. Johnsons, the
Abbé Maynards, Voltaire would still remain the most remarkable man of the eighteenth century.
Even the most hostile critics admit that he gave his name to an epoch and that his genius
changed the mental, the spiritual, and the political conformation, not only of France but of the
civilized world. The anti-Voltairean literature concedes that Voltaire was the greatest literary
genius of his age, a master of language, and that his historical writings effected a revolution.
Lord Macaulay, an unfriendly critic, says: “Of all the intellectual weapons that have ever been
wielded by man, the most terrible was the mockery of Voltaire. Bigots and tyrants who had
never been moved by the wailings and cursings of millions, turned pale at his name.” That still
more hostile authority, the evangelical Guizot, the eminent French historian, makes the
admission that “innate love of justice and horror of fanaticism inspired Voltaire with his zeal in
behalf of persecuted Protestants,” and that Voltaire contributed most powerfully to the triumphs
of those conceptions of Humanity, Justice, and Freedom which did honor to the eighteenth
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of those conceptions of Humanity, Justice, and Freedom which did honor to the eighteenth
century.
Were we to form an estimate of Voltaire’s character and transcendent ability through such a
temperate non-sectarian writer as the Hon. John Morley, we would conclude with him that
when the right sense of historical proportion is more fully developed in men’s minds, the name
of Voltaire will stand out like the names of the great decisive movements in the European
advance, like the Revival of Learning, or the Reformation, and that the existence, character,
and career of Voltaire constitute in themselves a new and prodigious era. We would further
agree with Morley, that “no sooner did the rays of Voltaire’s burning and far-shining spirit strike
upon the genius of the time, seated dark and dead like the black stone of Memnon’s statue,
than the clang of the breaking chord was heard through Europe and men awoke in a new day
and more spacious air.” And we would probably say of Voltaire what he magnanimously said of
his contemporary, Montesquieu, that “humanity had lost its title-deeds and he had recovered
them.”
Were we acquainted only with that Voltaire described by Goethe, Hugo, Pompery, Bradlaugh,
Paine, and Ingersoll, we might believe with Ingersoll that it was Voltaire who sowed the seeds
of liberty in the heart and brain of Franklin, Jefferson, and Thomas Paine, and that he did more
to free the human race than any other of the sons of men. Hugo says that “between two
servants of humanity which appeared eighteen hundred years apart, there was indeed a
mysterious relation,” and we might even agree that the estimate of the young philanthropist
Édouard de Pompery was temperate when he said, “Voltaire was the best Christian of his times,
the first and most glorious disciple of Jesus.”
So whatever our authority, no matter how limited our investigation, the fact must be recognized
that Voltaire, who gave to France her long-sought national epic in the Henriade, was in the
front rank of her poets. For nearly a century his tragedies and dramas held the boards to
extravagant applause. Even from his enemies we learn that he kept himself abreast of his
generation in all departments of literature, and won the world’s homage as a king of
philosophers in an age of philosophers and encyclopædists.
He was the father of modern French, clear, unambiguous, witty without buffoonery, convincing
without truculency, dignified without effort. He constituted himself the defender of humanity,
tolerance, and justice, and his influence, like his popularity, increases with the diffusion of his
ideas.
No matter what the reader’s opinion of Voltaire’s works may be, it will readily be conceded that
without these translations of his comedies, tragedies, poems, romances, letters, and
incomparable histories, the literature of the world would sustain an immeasurable loss, and that
these forty-two exquisite volumes will endure as a stately monument, alike to the great master
and the book-maker’s artcraft he did so much to inspire.
E. R. D.
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