CNC Programming and Operations Manual.pdf

CNC Programming and Operations Manual

P/N 70000508G - Contents

Section 1 - Introduction

Effectivity Notation ........................................................................................................................... 1-1

Getting Started ................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Programming Concepts.................................................................................................................... 1-3

Programs.......................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Axis Descriptions.............................................................................................................................. 1-3

X Axis ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Y Axis ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Z Axis ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Defining Positions ............................................................................................................................ 1-4

Polar Coordinates......................................................................................................................... 1-5

Absolute Positioning ..................................................................................................................... 1-5

Incremental Positioning ................................................................................................................ 1-6

Angle Measurement ..................................................................................................................... 1-6

Plane Selection ................................................................................................................................ 1-7

Arc Direction..................................................................................................................................... 1-8

Section 2 - CNC Console and Software Basics

The Console..................................................................................................................................... 2-1

Keypad ............................................................................................................................................. 2-2

Alphanumeric Keys....................................................................................................................... 2-2

Editing Keys ................................................................................................................................. 2-5

CNC Keyboard (Option) ................................................................................................................... 2-5

Soft Keys (F1) to (F10)..................................................................................................................... 2-6

Manual Panel ................................................................................................................................... 2-6

Software Basics ............................................................................................................................... 2-6

Pop-Up Menus.............................................................................................................................. 2-6

Screen Saver................................................................................................................................ 2-6

Clearing Entries ............................................................................................................................ 2-6

Operator Prompts ......................................................................................................................... 2-7

Cursor........................................................................................................................................... 2-7

Typing Over and Inserting Text .................................................................................................... 2-7

Deleting Text ................................................................................................................................ 2-7

Messages/Error Messages............................................................................................................... 2-8

Section 3 - Manual Operation and Machine Setup

Powering On the CNC...................................................................................................................... 3-1

Shutting Down the CNC ................................................................................................................... 3-1

Emergency Stop ( E - STOP ) ................................................................................................................ 3-1

Activating/Resetting the Servos ....................................................................................................... 3-2

Manual Panel ................................................................................................................................... 3-2

Manual Panel Keys....................................................................................................................... 3-3

Manual Panel LEDs...................................................................................................................... 3-4

Manual Mode Screen ....................................................................................................................... 3-5

Machine Status Display Area Labels ............................................................................................ 3-6

Program Area Labels.................................................................................................................... 3-6

Manual Mode Settings ..................................................................................................................... 3-7

Activating Manual Mode Rapid or Feed........................................................................................ 3-9

Adjusting Rapid Move Speed ....................................................................................................... 3-9

Absolute Mode.............................................................................................................................. 3-9

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CNC Programming and Operations Manual

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Jog Moves...................................................................................................................................... 3-10

Changing the Jog Mode ............................................................................................................. 3-10

Selecting an Axis ........................................................................................................................ 3-10

Jogging the Machine (Incremental Moves) ................................................................................. 3-11

Jogging the Machine (Continuous Moves) ................................................................................. 3-11

Manual Data Input Mode ................................................................................................................ 3-11

Using Manual Data Input Mode .................................................................................................. 3-12

Operating the Handwheel (Optional) ..............................................................................................3-12

Section 4 - Preparatory Functions: G-Codes

Rapid Traverse (G0)......................................................................................................................... 4-2

Linear Interpolation (G1) .................................................................................................................. 4-3

Angular Motion Programming Example............................................................................................ 4-4

Circular Interpolation (G2 and G3) ................................................................................................... 4-5

Examples of Circular Interpolation................................................................................................ 4-6

Dwell (G4) ........................................................................................................................................ 4-9

Programming Non-modal Exact Stop Check (G9).......................................................................... 4-10

Plane Selection (G17, G18, G19)................................................................................................... 4-10

Setting Software Limits (G22) ........................................................................................................ 4-12

Returning to Reference Point (Machine Home) (G28).................................................................... 4-14

Automatic Return from Reference Point (G29)............................................................................... 4-15

Probe Move (G31).......................................................................................................................... 4-15

Fixture Offsets (Work Coordinate System Select), (G53)............................................................... 4-16

Fixture Offset Table .................................................................................................................... 4-16

Activating the Fixture Offset Table.............................................................................................. 4-16

Changing Fixture Offsets in the Table ........................................................................................ 4-17

Adjusting Fixture Offsets in the Table......................................................................................... 4-17

Changing Fixture Offsets Using Calibrate Soft Keys .................................................................. 4-17

G53 Programming Examples...................................................................................................... 4-17

Modal Corner Rounding/Chamfering (G59, G60) ........................................................................... 4-18

In-Position Mode (Exact Stop Check) (G61) .................................................................................. 4-20

Automatic Feedrate Override for Arcs (G62, G63) ......................................................................... 4-20

Contouring Mode (Cutting Mode) (G64) ......................................................................................... 4-21

User Macros (G65, G66, G67) ....................................................................................................... 4-21

Axis Rotation (G68) ........................................................................................................................ 4-24

Activating Inch (G70) or MM (G71) Mode....................................................................................... 4-28

Axis Scaling (G72) ......................................................................................................................... 4-29

Activating Absolute (G90) or Incremental (G91) Mode................................................................... 4-29

Absolute Zero Point Programming (G92) ....................................................................................... 4-30

Feed in IPM (G94).......................................................................................................................... 4-30

Feed Per Revolution (G95) ............................................................................................................ 4-30

Adjusting Feedrate ..................................................................................................................... 4-31

Section 5 - Ellipses, Spirals, Canned Cycles, and Subprograms

Ellipses (G5)..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

Spiral (G6)........................................................................................................................................ 5-3

Canned Cycles ................................................................................................................................. 5-5

Drilling, Tapping, and Boring Canned Cycles (G81 to G89) ............................................................. 5-5

Cancel Drill, Tap, or Bore Cycle (G80) ......................................................................................... 5-6

Spot Drilling (G81) ........................................................................................................................ 5-6

Counterboring (G82)..................................................................................................................... 5-6

Peck Drilling (G83) ....................................................................................................................... 5-7

Tapping (G84) .............................................................................................................................. 5-8

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CNC Programming and Operations Manual

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Boring, Bi-directional (G85) .......................................................................................................... 5-9

Boring, Unidirectional (G86) ......................................................................................................... 5-9

Chip Breaker Peck Cycle (G87).................................................................................................. 5-10

Flat Bottom Bi-Directional Boring (G89) ..................................................................................... 5-11

Drilling Example.......................................................................................................................... 5-11

Pattern Drill Cycles ..................................................................................................................... 5-13

Bolt Hole Circle (G79)................................................................................................................. 5-13

Hole Pattern (G179) ................................................................................................................... 5-14

Pocket Cycles ................................................................................................................................ 5-16

Draft Angle Pocket Cycle (G73)..................................................................................................5-17

Frame Pocket Milling (G75) ........................................................................................................ 5-19

Hole Milling (G76)....................................................................................................................... 5-21

Circular Pocket Milling (G77) ...................................................................................................... 5-23

Rectangular Pocket Milling (G78) ............................................................................................... 5-25

Area Clearance (Irregular) Pocket Milling (G169)....................................................................... 5-27

Pockets with Islands (G162) ....................................................................................................... 5-29

Irregular Pocket Examples ......................................................................................................... 5-32

Facing Cycle (G170)................................................................................................................... 5-34

Circular Profile Cycle (G171) ...................................................................................................... 5-36

Rectangular Profile Cycle (G172) ............................................................................................... 5-38

Thread Mill Cycle (G181)............................................................................................................ 5-40

Plunge Circular Pocket Milling (G177)........................................................................................ 5-44

Plunge Rectangular Pocket Milling (G178) ................................................................................. 5-46

Mold Rotation (G45) ................................................................................................................... 5-47

Elbow Milling Cycle (G49) .......................................................................................................... 5-58

Subprograms.................................................................................................................................. 5-63

Subprogram Addresses .............................................................................................................. 5-63

Repetition of Subprogram (Loop) ............................................................................................... 5-64

Calling a Subprogram from a Subprogram ................................................................................. 5-64

End of Subprogram (M99) with a P-Code................................................................................... 5-67

Subprogram for Multiple Parts Programming.............................................................................. 5-67

Loop and Repeat Function ......................................................................................................... 5-68

Probing Cycles ............................................................................................................................... 5-71

Tool Probe Cycles ...................................................................................................................... 5-71

Spindle Probe Cycles ................................................................................................................. 5-86

Section 6 - Program Editor

Activating the Program Editor........................................................................................................... 6-1

Activating Edit Mode from the Manual Screen.............................................................................. 6-1

Activating Edit Mode from the Program Directory......................................................................... 6-1

Activating Edit Mode from Draw Graphics .................................................................................... 6-1

Editing Soft Keys.............................................................................................................................. 6-2

Marking Programming Blocks .......................................................................................................... 6-3

Unmarking Program Blocks.............................................................................................................. 6-3

Saving Edits ..................................................................................................................................... 6-4

Canceling Unsaved Edits ................................................................................................................. 6-4

Deleting a Character ........................................................................................................................ 6-4

Deleting a Program Block................................................................................................................. 6-4

Undeleting a Block ........................................................................................................................... 6-5

Canceling Edits to a Program Block................................................................................................. 6-5

Inserting Text without Overwriting Previous Text ............................................................................. 6-5

Inserting Text and Overwriting Previous Text................................................................................... 6-6

Advancing to the Beginning or End of a Block ................................................................................. 6-6

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Advancing to the First or Last Block of a Program ........................................................................... 6-6

Searching the Program Listing for Selected Text ............................................................................. 6-6

Going to a Block of the Program Listing ........................................................................................... 6-7

Replacing Typed Text with New Text ............................................................................................... 6-8

Scrolling Through the Program ........................................................................................................ 6-9

Paging Through the Program ........................................................................................................... 6-9

Inserting a Blank Line....................................................................................................................... 6-9

Abbreviating Statements .................................................................................................................. 6-9

Copying Program Blocks................................................................................................................ 6-11

Pasting Blocks within a Program.................................................................................................... 6-12

Recording Keystrokes .................................................................................................................... 6-12

Retrieving Recorded Keystrokes .................................................................................................... 6-12

Repeating a Command or Key ....................................................................................................... 6-13

(Re)numbering Program Blocks ..................................................................................................... 6-13

Printing the Entire Program ............................................................................................................ 6-14

Printing a Portion of a Program ...................................................................................................... 6-14

Accessing the Most Recently Used Programs ............................................................................... 6-15

Opening Another Program from the Program Listing ..................................................................... 6-15

Copying Blocks to Another Program .............................................................................................. 6-16

Copying an Entire Program into Another Program ......................................................................... 6-16

Including Comments in a Program Listing...................................................................................... 6-17

Section 7 - Edit Help

Main Edit Help Menu ........................................................................................................................ 7-3

Help Template Menu ........................................................................................................................ 7-4

Help Graphic Screens .................................................................................................................. 7-6

Edit Help Soft Keys .......................................................................................................................... 7-7

Edit Help Menu................................................................................................................................. 7-8

Using Help Graphic Screens to Enter Program Blocks .................................................................. 7-10

Line Moves..................................................................................................................................... 7-12

Endpoint and Angle Calculation..................................................................................................7-13

Arcs ................................................................................................................................................ 7-15

Multiple Move Commands.............................................................................................................. 7-21

Modal G-Code Box......................................................................................................................... 7-31

G-Code Listing ............................................................................................................................... 7-32

Entering a G-Code ......................................................................................................................... 7-32

Entry Fields .................................................................................................................................... 7-33

M-Code Listing ............................................................................................................................... 7-34

Entering an M-Code ....................................................................................................................... 7-35

Typing in Address Words ............................................................................................................... 7-35

Typing in M-Codes ......................................................................................................................... 7-36

Section 8 - Viewing Programs with Draw

Starting Draw ................................................................................................................................... 8-1

Draw Screen Description.................................................................................................................. 8-2

Putting Draw in Hold ........................................................................................................................ 8-3

Canceling Draw ................................................................................................................................ 8-3

Draw Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 8-4

Tool On or Off .................................................................................................................................. 8-4

Drawing Compensated Moves ......................................................................................................... 8-5

Showing Rapid Moves...................................................................................................................... 8-5

Setting Grid Line Type...................................................................................................................... 8-6

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Setting Grid Size .............................................................................................................................. 8-6

Putting Draw in Motion, S.Step, or Auto Mode ............................................................................. 8-6

Automatic Draw Restart ................................................................................................................... 8-7

Erasing the Draw Display ................................................................................................................. 8-8

Running Draw for Selected Blocks ................................................................................................... 8-8

Starting Draw at a Specific Block ................................................................................................. 8-8

Ending Draw at a Specific Block................................................................................................... 8-9

Adjusting Draw Display .................................................................................................................... 8-9

Fitting the Display to the Viewing Window...................................................................................... 8-10

Scaling the Display by a Factor...................................................................................................... 8-10

Using the Window Zoom ................................................................................................................ 8-11

Halving Display Size ...................................................................................................................... 8-12

Doubling Display Size .................................................................................................................... 8-12

Changing the Viewing Area without Changing the Scale ............................................................... 8-12

Erasing Display .............................................................................................................................. 8-13

Section 9 - Tool Page and Tool Management

Activating the Tool Page .................................................................................................................. 9-1

Using the Tool Page......................................................................................................................... 9-2

Finding Tools by Number ............................................................................................................. 9-3

Changing Tool Page Values ......................................................................................................... 9-3

Clearing a Tool (Whole Row)........................................................................................................ 9-3

Clearing a Single Value ................................................................................................................ 9-3

Adjusting a Single Value............................................................................................................... 9-4

Tool Page Soft Keys and Secondary Soft Keys ............................................................................... 9-4

T-Codes and Tool Activation ............................................................................................................ 9-5

Tool Definition Blocks ................................................................................................................... 9-5

Tool-Length Offsets.......................................................................................................................... 9-6

Entering Offsets in the Tool Page................................................................................................. 9-7

Setting Tool-Length Offsets .......................................................................................................... 9-8

Entering the Z Position Manually .................................................................................................. 9-9

Diameter Offset in Tool Page ........................................................................................................... 9-9

Tool Path Compensation (G41, G42) ......................................................................................... 9-10

Using Tool Diameter Compensation and Length Offsets with Ball-End Mills.............................. 9-14

Compensation (G40, G41, G42) ....................................................................................................9-14

Cancel Mode in Tool Compensation: G40 ................................................................................. 9-14

Change of Tool Compensation Direction .................................................................................... 9-15

Startup and Movement in Z-axis................................................................................................. 9-15

Temporary Change of Tool Diameter ......................................................................................... 9-16

Motion of Tool During Tool Compensation ................................................................................. 9-17

Compensation Around Acute Angles.......................................................................................... 9-19

Change of Offset Direction ......................................................................................................... 9-20

General Precautions................................................................................................................... 9-21

G41 Programming Example ....................................................................................................... 9-22

G42 Program Example ............................................................................................................... 9-23

Activating Offsets via the Program ................................................................................................. 9-25

Setting RefProg Offset ................................................................................................................... 9-26

Section 10 - Program Management

Changing the Program Directory .................................................................................................... 10-2

Viewing All Programs of All Formats .............................................................................................. 10-2

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