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Webster’s New World Student Writing Handbook, Fifth Edition
STUDENT
Includes
online
resources
HANDBOOK
FIFTH EDITION
Still packed with detailed advice and instruction for writing
across any discipline, including samples for most types
of writing offered in all main subject areas
NEW!
More portable and
easier to navigate
than before
NEW!
Updated guidance
on using online
sources in research
papers and reports
NEW!
Expanded coverage
on writing effectively
for applications
and admissions
SHARON SORENSON
WE DEFINE YOUR WORLD ®
WRITING
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TM
STUDENT WRITING
Fifth Edition
by Sharon Sorenson
HANDBOOK
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Webster’s New World ® Student Writing Handbook, Fifth Edition
Copyright © 2010 by Sharon Sorenson. All rights reserved.
Published by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per-
mitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior writ-
ten permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the
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the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-
6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this work and speciically disclaim all warranties, including without
limitation warranties of itness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by
sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every
situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal,
accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a compe-
tent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for dam-
ages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation
and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses
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between when this work was written and when it is read.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, Webster’s New World, the Webster’s New World logo, and
all related trademarks, logos, and trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley &
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sorenson, Sharon.
Webster’s New World student writing handbook / by Sharon Sorenson. -- 5th ed.
p. cm.
“A Webster’s New World book”--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-470-43539-7
ISBN-10: 0-470-43539-9
1. English language--Rhetoric--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Report writing--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. Title. II. Title: Student writing handbook.
PE1408.S6577 2010
808'.042--dc22
2009037531
ISBN: 978-0-470-43539-7
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DEDICATION
To Charlie…
who has made all the difference.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
helped see the manuscript to completion. In this case, the list is more than cus-
tomary. The names here are those of truly special people. They offered advice, refer-
ences, experience, and wisdom. But most of all they offered time—in every case, a
precious commodity. To all, I extend my sincere appreciation, not just for what they
did but for who they are: dear, kind professionals who are also my friends, especially
Valda Alsop, William Asbury, Rick Barter, Viola Blaser, Robert Edelman, Rosemary
Ewing, James Gardner, Dr. Virginia Grabill, Mary Lou Heeger, Dr. Ed Jenkinson, Atha-
lene Klein, Joyce Marlin, Charlotte Mason, Ninalea McIntosh, Rosemarie Norrick-
Urash, Marcia Onnybecker, June Purcell, Ralph Rothert, John Russell, Jack Schriber,
Sue Schriber, Dr. Ann Stuart, Edmund Sullivan, Virginia Thrasher, Sharon Tuggle,
Dr. Laura Weaver, Susan Wolf, Jim Wootton, and many others who answered ques-
tions, offered opinions, made suggestions, and otherwise provided moral support.
Others agreed to allow their work to be included as models. A special thanks to those
for their cooperation and willingness to help: Hillary Altekruse for her literary analy-
sis, “Alone in a Crowded World: Emily Dickinson and Her Poems”; Jo Ann McCulley
for her literary analysis, “Sylvia and the White Heron”; Ann Commons Weil for her
research paper, “Mother Goose: A Devoted Teacher”; and Jerome Welte for his labo-
ratory report, “The Effects of Acid Rain on the Growth of Bulbous Plants.”
Finally, a warm note of gratitude to Linda Bernback, the editor who suggested the
idea for this handbook, who answered hours of long-distance questions, who guided
me through two previous projects, and whose exemplary professionalism should be a
standard in the publishing industry.
C ustomarily, in the front pages of a book, an author lists the people who have
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PART I: BASICS OF GOOD WRITING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 1: Prewriting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2: Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
G OOD W RITING H ABITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
W RITING S ENTENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
W RITING A P ARAGRAPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
W RITING A M ULTI -P ARAGRAPH P APER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 3: Revising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
S AMPLE R EVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 4: Proofreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
PART II: METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 5: Analogy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Chapter 6: Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 7: Classifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 8: Comparison and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Chapter 9: Defi nition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 10: Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
P ROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
W RITING - ACROSS - THE -C URRICULUM M ODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
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