Anglo-Saxon England and Old English.pdf
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Anglo-Saxon England and Old English.pdf
Old English Orthography
Here is a list of the letters of the OE alphabet with a brief indication of the pronunciation. Some letters in
OE represented more than one sound, but pronunciation and spelling were much closer in OE than in
MnE. OE spelling did not distinguish long and short vowels; however, modern editors sometimes place a
macron (e.g.
Õ
) over long vowels to help students.
OE Spelling OE Word and
OE Sound
MnE Word with
MnE Translation
(IPA Symbol)
Similar Sound to OE
Vowels
<i>
bringan
bring
/i/
br
i
ng
biddan
bid
/
Ȏ
/
b
i
d
r
Í
dan
ride
/i:/
mach
i
ne
<y>
hyll
hill
/y/
French
t
U
h
Ǵ
f
hive
/y:/
French
l
U
ne
<e>
Dene
Danes
/e/
d
a
te
elm
elm
/
Ȁ
/
e
lm
f
Õ
dan
feed
/e:/
w
a
de
brocen
broken
/
Ǿ
/
brok
e
n
<æ>
æsc
ash
/æ/
c
a
t
cl
Ƥ
ne
clean
/æ:/
b
a
d
<a>
sacc
sack
/a/
American English s
o
ck
g
Ã
t
goat
/a:/
American English c
o
d
<o>
ofer
over
/o/
g
oa
t
fox
fox
/
Ǹ
/
f
o
r
g
Ď
s
goose
/o:/
g
oa
d
<u>
duguþ
retainers
/u/
h
oo
p
ful
full
/
Ȯ
/
f
u
ll
f
Ĭ
l
foul
/u:/
fool
<ea>
earnian
earn
/
ȀǾ
/
no equivalent
e
ast
east
/
ȀǾ
:/
no equivalent
<eo>
eorþ
earth
/e
Ǿ
/
no equivalent
pr
Õ
ost
priest
/e
Ǿ
:/
no equivalent
Notes:
1. The short vowels
i
,
u
,
e
, and
o
probably varied between tense and lax pronunciations depending upon the
surrounding consonants, just as they do in MnE. Since we don’t know precisely what the rules were, it is
safe to follow MnE principles most of the time, as indicated in the examples.
2. In unaccented syllables <e> was pronounced /
Ǿ
/.
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