ALternative water LEC 01.pdf

Alternative water treatment

Lecture 01

Introduction

Stanisław M. Rybicki, Ph.D. (Eng); PE; KM; IWA

Chair of Water and Wastewater Treatment

(Zakład Oczyszczania Wody i ĺcieków)

Room 311

stan@venus.pk.edu.pl

Standards

of finished (tap) water quality

• WHO (World Health Organisation)

• Regional objectives

– European Union Directives

– US EPA Standards

• Local Standards

– National Standards (EU)

– State Standards (US)

The WHO guidelines summarize world-wide knowledge

regarding potable water impact on consumers.

Guidelines are being updated due to development of

measurement techniques, better understanding of an impact

mechanisms also due to changing aesthetic requirements of

consumers.

Treatment process choice

• Apply only necessary processes

• Follow processes that take place in nature

• Minimize chemicals’ use

• More complicated process costs more

• Check by-products formation and handling

Treatment process development

(last 100 years)

• 19 th Century – slow sand filtration, infiltration

• 19 th /20 th Century – disinfection

• 20’s – sand rapid filtration

• 30’s –chemical treatment

• 50’s – sorption for taste improvement

• 70’s – by-product formation control

• 80’s - minimize chemical use

• 90’s – biological treatment, quality within the network

Follow processes that take place in

nature Ï basic examples

• Sand filtration – natural infiltration using porous media

• Sedimentation – self-purification of an ambient water in

reservoirs

• Sorption – sorption of organics on clay particles

• Ozone generation - lightning

• Disinfection – UV/solar radiation

• Biological nitrification/denitrification

• QUIZ : Coagulation - ??????

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