Ordinances – local laws written by the city council in the Policy areas granted it by the state character ( the statue at municipial governments )
Full faith and credit – in the article IV of the U.S. constitution provides that the various states must recognize legislature acts, public records and judicial decisions of the other states within the United States. The clause ensures that judicial decisions rendered by the courts in one state are recognized and honoured in every other state
Dual Federalism – A theory asserting that state and federal governments have clearly separated spheres in which each is sovereign. The Constitution is interpreted narrowly limiting government activity on any level to explicitly granted powers.
New Federalism – a political philosophy of the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government to the states, the main aim is to restore to the states of the same of the autonomy and power which they lost to the federal government. Revenue sharing, providing whole grant to the states to resolve a social issues. It lasted from the 1971 to 1986.
Delegated powers – aggregate interests that had to be to the national governments to prevent conflicts among the states and between them and the federal government.
Nation’s Manifest Destinity – 1840s, the idea of America’s expansion to the Pacific which was considered apparently inevitable, divinely determined fate.
Détente – policy introduced by the President Nixon in 1970s. Peaceful coexistence, gradually reduction of nuclear arsenals.
McCarthyism – In early 1950s the fear of communism set the stage for senator John’s McCarthy hunt for Americans that were involved in “un-American” activities as spies or tools of Soviet Union.
Monroe doctrine – foreign policy, opposition to outside meddling (mieszać się) in other countries’ affairs. USA opposed any new colonies in the America, European powers remain uninvolved in the affairs of New World Nations, accepting the presence of the remaining European colonies in the America and keeping aloof from European affairs, which led to Isolationism.
Truman doctrine – announced in 1947, policy of containment (powstrzymania ekspansji komunizmu) to prevent communist expansion anywhere in the world. The soviet ideology inherently (z natury) a threat to the USA and to democratic institutions, was being spreaded through intend subversion as well as outside pressure. In a “domino effect” one nation after another would fall to Soviet domination unless the USA led “free world” to prevent it.
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