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Expert Shell Scripting
■■■
Ron Peters
Expert Shell Scripting
Copyright © 2009 by Ron Peters
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1841-8
ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1842-5
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Technical Reviewer: Brian Culp
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Contents at a Glance
About the Author
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Acknowledgments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
PART 1
■ ■ ■
Basic Scripting Techniques
■
CHAPTER 1
Shell Script Debugging
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
■
CHAPTER 2
Standard Function Library
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
■
CHAPTER 3
Date and Time Manipulation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
■
CHAPTER 4
Comparisons and Tests
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
■
CHAPTER 5
Accepting Command-Line Options, Switches,
and Parameters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
■
CHAPTER 6
Testing Variables and Assigning Defaults
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
■
CHAPTER 7
Indirect Reference Variables
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
■
CHAPTER 8
Shell Process Tree
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
■
CHAPTER 9
Data Redirection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
■
CHAPTER 10
Piping Input to read
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
PART 2
■ ■ ■
System Interaction and Advanced
Techniques
CHAPTER 11
Math from the Shell
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
■
CHAPTER 12
cron
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
■
CHAPTER 13
Self-Linked Scripts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
■
CHAPTER 14
Throttling Parallel Processes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
■
CHAPTER 15
Command-Line Editing and History
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
■
CHAPTER 16
Scripting from the Command Line
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
■
iv
CHAPTER 17
Automating User Input with expect
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
■
■
CHAPTER 18
User Input Timeout
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
■
CHAPTER 19
Instant Keyboard Response
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
■
CHAPTER 20
Directory Copying
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
■
CHAPTER 21
A Brief Tour of the X Display Environment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
■
CHAPTER 22
X Navigation Window
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
■
CHAPTER 23
Command-Line E-mail Attachments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
■
CHAPTER 24
Text-Processing One-Liners
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
■
CHAPTER 25
Editing Files in Place
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
■
CHAPTER 26
Evaluating Variables in a Flat File
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
■
CHAPTER 27
Read Piped Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
■
CHAPTER 28
Free-Format Output Using cat
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
■
CHAPTER 29
Automating Interactive Processes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
PART 3
■ ■ ■
Useful Scripts
■
CHAPTER 30
Automating E-Mail with procmail
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
■
CHAPTER 31
Process-Management Monitor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
■
CHAPTER 32
Managing File Counts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
■
CHAPTER 33
Processes Running from inittab
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
■
CHAPTER 34
Automatic RCS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
■
CHAPTER 35
Colorful /proc Reporting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
■
CHAPTER 36
Password-Aging Notification
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
■
CHAPTER 37
A Pseudo–shadow File
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
■
CHAPTER 38
Linux Gold-System Build
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
■
CHAPTER 39
System Snapshots
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
■
CHAPTER 40
Removing Large Files and Log Rolling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
■
CHAPTER 41
Core Finder
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
■
CHAPTER 42
Network Adapter Failover
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
■
APPENDIX A
Test Switches
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
■
APPENDIX B
Special Parameters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
■
APPENDIX C
Other Shell-Scripting Resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
■
INDEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
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