Amiga_System_Programmers_Guide.pdf

icomprehensiveguidetothe

innerworkingsofyourAmiga

Abacu

A Data Becker Book

AmigaSystem

Programmer'sGuide

Dittrich

Gelfand

Schemmel

A Data Becker Book

FirstPrinting, August 1988

Printed in U.S.A.

DataBecker,GmbH

Merowingerstrafie30

4000Dusseldorf,WestGermany

Abacus

5370 52ndStreet SE

GrandRapids,MI49508

This book is copyrighted. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, ortransmittedin anyformorby anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise without the prior written permission ofAbacus Software or Data

Becker,GmbH.

Every effort has been made to ensure complete and accurate information concerning the

material presented in this book. However, Abacus Software can neither guarantee nor be

heldlegallyresponsibleforanymistakes inprinting orfaulty instructions containedinthis

book.Theauthors always appreciatereceivingnoticeofanyerrorsormisprints.

AmigaBASIC and MS-DOS are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation. Amiga 500, Amiga 1000, Amiga 2000, Graphicraft, Musicraft, Sidecar and

TextcraftaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofCommodore-AmigaInc* Sekaassembler

isaregisteredtrademarkofKumaCorporation.

ISBN 1-55755-035-2

Contents

1 The Amiga Hardware

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Amigasystemcomponents

1.2.1 The68000processor

1.2.2 The8250CIA

1.2.3 Thecustomchips

1.2.3.1 BasicstructureoftheAmiga

1.2.3.2 ThestructureofAgnus

1.2.3.4 ThestructureofDenise

1.2.3.6 ThestructureofPaula

1.2.3.7 FeaturesoftheAmiga500

1.3 TheAmigainterfaces

1.3.1 Theaudio/videointerfaces

1.3.2 TheRGBconnector

1.3.3 TheCentronicsinterface

1.3.4 Theserialinterface

1.3.5 Externaldriveconnector

1.3.6 Thegameports

1.3.7 Theexpansionport

1.3.8 Supplyingpowerfromtheinterfaces

1.4 Thekeyboard

1.4.1 Thekeyboardcircuit

1.4.2 Datatransfer

1.4.3 Keyboardbugs

1.5 Programmingthehardware

1.5.1 Thememorylayout

1.5.2 Fundamentals

1.5.3 Interrupts

1.5.4 TheCoppercoprocessor

1.5.5 Playfields

1.5.6 Sprites

122

1.5.7 Theblitter

134

1.5.8 Soundoutput

167

1.5.9 Tips, tricks, andmore

182

1.5.10 Mouse,joystickandpaddles

190

1.5.11 Theserialinterface

196

1.5.12 DatatransferwiththeAmigaUART

198

1.5.13 Thediskcontroller

200

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