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The GNU C Library Reference Manual
The GNU C Library
Reference Manual
Sandra Loosemore
with
Richard M. Stallman, Roland McGrath, Andrew Oram, and Ulrich Drepper
Edition 0.11
last updated 2007-09-09
for version 2.7
This le documents the GNU C library.
This is Edition 0.11, last updated 2007-09-09, of The GNU C Library Reference Manual,
for version 2.7.
Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \Free Software Needs Free
Documentation" and \GNU Lesser General Public License", the Front-Cover texts being
\A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled " GNU Free Documentation License " .
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: \You are free to copy and modify this GNU Man-
ual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in developing GNU and promoting
software freedom."
Published by the Free Software Foundation
59 Temple Place { Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Cover art for the Free Software Foundation's printed edition by Etienne Suvasa.
i
Short Contents
1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1
2 Error Reporting ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13
3 Virtual Memory Allocation And Paging :::::::::::::::::: 30
4 Character Handling :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 64
5 String and Array Utilities :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 72
6 Character Set Handling :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 108
7 Locales and Internationalization ::::::::::::::::::::::: 149
8 Message Translation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 167
9 Searching and Sorting :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 191
10 Pattern Matching ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 200
11 Input/Output Overview :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 220
12 Input/Output on Streams :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 225
13 Low-Level Input/Output ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 295
14 File System Interface :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 342
15 Pipes and FIFOs :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 383
16 Sockets :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 388
17 Low-Level Terminal Interface :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 432
18 Syslog :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 458
19 Mathematics ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 465
20 Arithmetic Functions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 496
21 Date and Time ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 527
22 Resource Usage And Limitation :::::::::::::::::::::::: 560
23 Non-Local Exits :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 580
24 Signal Handling ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 589
25 The Basic Program/System Interface ::::::::::::::::::: 633
26 Processes :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 675
27 Job Control :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 686
28 System Databases and Name Service Switch :::::::::::::: 705
29 Users and Groups ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 714
30 System Management ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 741
31 System Conguration Parameters :::::::::::::::::::::: 757
32 DES Encryption and Password Handling :::::::::::::::: 777
33 Debugging support :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 784
A C Language Facilities in the Library :::::::::::::::::::: 786
B Summary of Library Facilities ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 802

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