Kama Sutra - The Ancient Indian Handbook of Love Making.pdf
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Kama Sutra
CONTENT
Preface
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Introduction
MODERN KAMA SUTRA INTERPRETATION
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Over 40 sexual positions with images and detailed explanations
PART I: INTRODUCTORY
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Preface
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Observations on the three worldly attainments of Virtue, Wealth, and Love
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On the study of the Sixty-four Arts
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On the Arrangements of a House, and Household Furniture; and about the
Daily Life of a Citizen, his Companions, Amusements, etc.
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About classes of Women fit and unfit for Congress with the Citizen, and of
Friends, and Messengers
PART II: ON SEXUAL UNION
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Kinds of Union according to Dimensions, Force of Desire, and Time; and on
the different kinds of Love
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Of the Embrace
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On Kissing
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On Pressing or Marking with the Nails
On Biting, and the ways of Love to be employed with regard to Women of
different countries
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On the various ways of Lying down, and the different kinds of Congress
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On the various ways of Striking, and of the Sounds appropriate to them
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About females acting the part of Males
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On holding the Lingam in the Mouth
How to begin and how to end the Congress. Different kinds of Congress, and
Love Quarrels
PART III: ABOUT THE ACQUISITION OF A WIFE
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Observations on Betrothal and Marriage
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About creating Confidence in the Girl
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Courtship, and the manifestation of the feelings by outward signs and deeds
On things to be done only by the Man, and the acquisition of the Girl thereby.
Also what is to be done by a Girl to gain over a Man and subject him to her
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On the different Forms of Marriage
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TRANSLATOR'S NOTES
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TRANSLATOR' S NOTES
Preface
I
n the literature of all countries there will be found a certain number of works
treating especially of love. Everywhere the subject is dealt with differently, and
from various points of view. In the present publication it is proposed to give a
complete translation of what is considered the standard work on love in Sanscrit
literature, and which is called the `Vatsyayana Kama Sutra', or Aphorisms on
Love, by Vatsyayana. While the introduction will deal with the evidence
concerning the date of the writing, and the commentaries written upon it, the
chapters following the introduction will give a translation of the work itself. It is,
however, advisable to furnish here a brief analysis of works of the same nature,
prepared by authors who lived and wrote years after Vatsyayana had passed
away, but who still considered him as the great authority, and always quoted
him as the chief guide to Hindoo erotic literature.
Besides the treatise of Vatsyayana the following works on the same subject are
procurable in India:
The Ratirahasya, or secrets of love
The Panchasakya, or the five arrows
The Smara Pradipa, or the light of love
The Ratimanjari, or the garland of love
The Rasmanjari, or the sprout of love
The Anunga Runga, or the stage of love; also called Kamaledhiplava, or a boat
in the ocean of love.
The author of the `Secrets of Love' was a poet named Kukkoka. He composed
his work to please one Venudutta, who was perhaps a king. When writing his
own name at the end of each chapter he calls himself `Siddha patiya pandita',
i.e. an ingenious man among learned men. The work was translated into Hindi
years ago, and in this the author's name was written as Koka. And as the same
name crept into all the translations into other languages in India, the book
became generally known, and the subject was popularly called Koka Shastra, or
doctrines of Koka, which is identical with the Kama Shastra, or doctrines of
love, and the words Koka Shastra and Kama Shastra are used indiscriminately.
The work contains nearly eight hundred verses, and is divided into ten
chapters, which are called Pachivedas. Some of the things treated of in this
work are not to be found in the Vatsyayana, such as the four classes of women,
the Padmini, Chitrini, Shankini and Hastini, as also the enumeration of the days
and hours on which the women of the different classes become subject to love,
The author adds that he wrote these things from the opinions of Gonikaputra
and Nandikeshwara, both of whom are mentioned by Vatsyayana, but their
works are not now extant. It is difficult to give any approximate idea as to the
year in which the work was composed. It is only to be presumed that it was
written after that of Vatsyayana, and previous to the other works on this
subject that are still extant. Vatsyayana gives the names of ten authors on the
subject, all of whose works he had consulted, but none of which are extant, and
does not mention this one. This would tend to show that Kukkoka wrote after
Vatsya, otherwise Vatsya would assuredly have mentioned him as an author in
this branch of literature along with the others.
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TRANSLATOR' S NOTES
Introduction
I
t may be interesting to some persons to learn how it came about that
Vatsyayana was first brought to light and translated into the English language.
It happened thus. While translating with the pundits the `Anunga Runga, or the
stage of love', reference was frequently found to be made to one Vatsya. The
sage Vatsya was of this opinion, or of that opinion. The sage Vatsya said this,
and so on. Naturally questions were asked who the sage was, and the pundits
replied that Vatsya was the author of the standard work on love in Sanscrit
literature, that no Sanscrit library was complete without his work, and that it
was most difficult now to obtain in its entire state. The copy of the manuscript
obtained in Bombay was defective, and so the pundits wrote to Benares,
Calcutta and Jeypoor for copies of the manuscript from Sanscrit libraries in
those places. Copies having been obtained, they were then compared with each
other, and with the aid of a Commentary called `Jayamangla' a revised copy of
the entire manuscript was prepared, and from this copy the English translation
was made. The following is the certificate of the chief pundit:
`The accompanying manuscript is corrected by me after comparing four
different copies of the work. I had the assistance of a Commentary called
"Jayamangla" for correcting the portion in the first five parts, but found great
difficulty in correcting the remaining portion, because, with the exception of one
copy thereof which was tolerably correct, all the other copies I had were far too
incorrect. However, I took that portion as correct in which the majority of the
copies agreed with each other.'
The `Aphorisms on Love' by Vatsyayana contain about one thousand two
hundred and fifty slokas or verses, and are divided into parts, parts into
chapters, and chapters into paragraphs. The whole consists of seven parts,
thirty-six chapters, and sixty-four paragraphs. Hardly anything is known about
the author. His real name is supposed to be Mallinaga or Mrillana, Vatsyayana
being his family name. At the close of the work this is what he writes about
himself:
`After reading and considering the works of Babhravya and other ancient
authors, and thinking over the meaning of the rules given by them, this treatise
was composed, according to the precepts of the Holy Writ, for the benefit of the
world, by Vatsyayana, while leading the life of a religious student at Benares,
and wholly engaged in the contemplation of the Deity. This work is not to be
used merely as an instrument for satisfying our desires. A person acquainted
with the true principles of this science, who preserves his Dharma (virtue or
religious merit), his Artha (worldly wealth) and his Kama (pleasure or sensual
gratification), and who has regard to the customs of the people, is sure to
obtain the mastery over his senses. In short, an intelligent and knowing person
attending to Dharma and Artha and also to Kama, without becoming the slave
of his passions, will obtain success in everything that he may do.'
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PART I
CHAPTER I
Preface
Salutation to Dharma, Artha and Kama
I
n the beginning, the Lord of Beings created men and women, and in the form
of commandments in one hundred thousand chapters laid down rules for
regulating their existence with regard to Dharma,
(1)
Artha,
(2)
and Kama.
(3)
Some of these commandments, namely those which treated of Dharma, were
separately written by Swayambhu Manu; those that related to Artha were
compiled by Brihaspati; and those that referred to Kama were expounded by
Nandi, the follower of Mahadeva, in one thousand chapters.
Now these `Kama Sutra' (Aphorisms on Love), written by Nandi in one
thousand chapters, were reproduced by Shvetaketu, the son of Uddvalaka, in
an abbreviated form in five hundred chapters, and this work was again similarly
reproduced in an abridged form, in one hundred and fifty chapters, by
Babhravya, an inheritant of the Punchala (South of Delhi) country. These one
hundred and fifty chapters were then put together under seven heads or parts
named severally
Sadharana (general topics)
Samprayogika (embraces, etc.)
Kanya Samprayuktaka (union of males and females)
Bharyadhikarika (on one's own wife)
Paradika (on the wives of other people)
Vaisika (on courtesans)
Aupamishadika (on the arts of seduction, tonic medicines, etc.)
The sixth part of this last work was separately expounded by Dattaka at the
request of the public women of Pataliputra (Patna), and in the same way
Charayana explained the first part of it. The remaining parts, viz. the second,
third, fourth, fifth, and seventh, were each separately expounded by
Suvarnanabha (second part)
Ghotakamukha (third part)
Gonardiya (fourth part)
Gonikaputra (fifth part)
Kuchumara (seventh part), respectively.
Thus the work being written in parts by different authors was almost
unobtainable and, as the parts which were expounded by Dattaka and the
others treated only of the particular branches of the subject to which each part
related, and moreover as the original work of Babhravya was difficult to be
mastered on account of its length, Vatsyayana, therefore, composed his work in
a small volume as an abstract of the whole of the works of the above named
authors.
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