Sensory Organ Replacement and Repair - Gerald E. Miller.pdf - Biomedical eBooks Collection - MMikulicz

Sensory Organ Replacement

and Repair

any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations

in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Sensory Organ Replacement and Repair

Gerald E. Miller

www.morganclaypool.com

ISBN: 1598290622 paperback Miller

1598290630 ebook

Miller

DOI: 10.2200/S00022ED1V01Y200604BME003

A Publication in the Morgan & Claypool Publishers’ series

SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Lecture #3

First Edition

Printed in the United States of America

Sensory Organ Replacement

and Repair

Gerald E. Miller

Virginia Commonwealth University

SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING #3

& C

Morgan & Claypool Publishers

ABSTRACT

The senses of human hearing and sight are often taken for granted by many individuals until

they are lost or adversely affected. Millions of individuals suffer from partial or total hearing loss

and millions of others have impaired vision. The technologies associated with augmenting these

two human senses range from simple hearing aids to complex cochlear implants, and from (now

commonplace) intraocular lenses to complex artiﬁcial corneas. The areas of human hearing and

human sight will be described in detail with the associated array of technologies also described.

KEYWORDS

Human hearing, Audiology, Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants, Human vision, Intraocular lens,

Cataract surgery, Artiﬁcial Cornea, Corneal Transplant

Contents

Sensory Organ Replacement and Repair ........................................ 1

1.1 Hearing AIDS ...........................................................1

1.1.1 Anatomy of the Ear and Human Hearing ...........................1

1.1.2 Hearing Loss .....................................................7

1.1.3 Hearing Aid Technologies . . ......................................12

1.2 Middle Ear Replacement ................................................ 19

1.2.1 Introduction ....................................................19

1.2.2 Technology and Replacement Components .........................20

1.2.3 History of Ossicle Surgery and Replacement ....................... 22

1.3 Cochlear Implant ....................................................... 24

1.3.1 Introduction .....................................................24

1.3.2 Cochlear Implant Components and Surgery ........................25

1.3.3 Current Devices and Cochlear Implant Companies ..................31

1.3.4 Issues Associated with Implant Use ................................33

1.3.5 History of the Cochlear Implant .................................. 34

1.3.6 Regulatory Issues for Cochlear Implants and Recent Research ........35

1.4 Intraocular Lens ........................................................ 36

1.4.1 Anatomy of the Eye ..............................................36

1.4.2 Cataracts and Their Determination ................................37

1.4.3 The IOL and Implantation Surgery ............................... 41

1.4.4 History of the IOL and Current Research ..........................47

1.5 Artiﬁcial and Replacement Cornea . . . .....................................48

1.5.1 Corneal Transplant .............................................. 49

Sensory Organ Replacement and Repair - Gerald E. Miller.pdf

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