słownictwo do advanced 532 - 505.doc

JV532 (Wax and Trepidation)

WAX = 1. to grow larger or more intense; 2. to take on a state or quality

Synonyms:
grow, increase, expand, broaden, intensify, become

Antonyms:
wane

Examples:
- I sat on the shore and watched the waves wax and wane.
- My friend started to wax philosophical after a couple glasses of wine.
- As the moon waxes toward its full state, it becomes rounder each day.
- Milton Friedman waxed eloquent on the subject of free enterprise.
- I am always captivated to see Carl Sagan waxed eloquent about the Cosmos. âThe Cosmos is all that has ever been, all that is, and all that ever will be.â

TREPIDATION =

a feeling of fear or dread about the future

Synonyms:
alarm, fear, agitation, perturbation, uneasiness, consternation, dread

Antonyms:
ease, calm

Examples:
- Francis’s trepidation about having to deliver a speech to the company board
was evident on her face as a small bead of sweat ran down her forehead.

- Bill’s trepidation about being fired seemed unwarranted, since he was a top performer for the company.
- It was John’s trepidation about flying that caused him to cancel her European vacation.
- I have some trepidation about starting a new job, but once I get past my fear, I’m sure everything will be fine.

JV531 (Moratorium and Temperate)

MORATORIUM = (noun) suspension of activity for an agreed amount of time.

Synonyms:
suspension, freeze, halt, pause, stop, standstill

Antonyms:
beginning, commencement, continuation

Examples:
- The Financial Director issued a spending moratorium until the company received a second round of funding.
- It’s been four years now since John self-imposed a moratorium on flying, and he still refuses to step foot in a plane.
- I am all in favor for a five-year worldwide moratorium on nuclear weapons testing.
- Norway is proposing a five-year moratorium on whale-hunting.

TEMPERATE = moderate or mild, not extreme, especially said of climate and behavior

Synonyms:
calm, agreeable, constant, mild, moderate, even-tempered, reasonable, steady, stable, dispassionate

Antonyms:
extreme, immoderate, severe, unrestrained, excessive

Examples:
- I moved from the Netherlands to Cape Town because of its temperate climate.
- Lisa describes herself as having a temperate personality, but most of
her friends think she is a little moody.
- It is not a bad idea to exercise temperance when drinking alcohol.
- Her response to the news was temperate, though I expected her to be more excited.

JV530 (Purvey and Riveting)

PURVEY = (verb) 1. to provide goods and services, especially as a business; 2. to circulate gossip or information

Synonyms:
supply, provide, furnish, equip, stock, store, transfer, inform, circulate

Antonyms:
hinder, impede, limit

Examples:
- The Italian government purveyed blankets and water to the earthquake victims.
- Lisa considered herself a purveyor of news and opinion.
- This company has purveyed clothing to the armed forces for generations.
- The president’s speech was intended to purvey a message of optimism.

RIVETING =
arousing and holding the attention of

Synonyms:
fascinating, enthralling, spellbinding, captivating

Antonyms:
boring, dull, uninteresting, common

Examples:
- I found the movie riveting and was on the edge of my seat the whole time.
- I was riveted to the television as news of the events unfolded.
- Marc’s lectures were less than riveting, and several students decided to drop the class.
- The maffia trial has riveted the nation.

JV529 (Pathology and Probity)

PATHOLOGY = (noun) 1. the scientific study of diseases; 2. a deviation from a healthy and normal condition

Synonyms:
study of disease

Examples:
- Ask Angela about the disease that’s killing your roses; she specialized in plant pathology in college.
- Don’t believe him; he’s a pathological liar.
- I decided to specialize in pathology during my medical studies because I’m fascinated with finding cures for disease.

PROBITY = (noun) unquestionable integrity and honesty

Synonyms:
integrity, honor, honesty, goodness, morality, virtue, trustworthiness

Antonyms:
immorality, dishonesty

Examples:
- The president’s probity came into question during the scandal.
- Nuns live lives of honesty and moral probity.
- The company believed its management should be held to the highest standards of probity.
- I would never doubt Angela’s probity; any secret you tell her is safe.

 

JV527 (Foil and Harbor)

FOIL = (verb) (v.) 1. to hinder someone’s efforts or thwart a plan; 2. to enhance
something by using contrast;
(n.) 1. something that serves as a useful contrast to something else;
2. thin, flexible metal, often aluminum

Synonyms:
(v.) thwart, prevent, hinder, baffle, prohibit, frustrate, counter, balk, (n.) contrast, antithesis, background

Antonyms:
(v.) help, aid, expedite

Examples:
Lisa will not let negative people foil her plans for happiness.
Arnold became a hero the day he foiled the heist.
Marc’s plan to disrupt our slumber party was foiled when Joanne caught him with his squirt gun.

HARBOR = (n.) 1. a safe, protected area; 2. a port for ships; (v.) 1. to
provide shelter to a person or to a ship; 2. to hold in or think
privately about

Synonyms:
(n.) port, refuge, shelter, sanctuary, haven, anchorage, marina, (v.) shelter, hold, protect

Antonyms:
expose

Examples:
- The ships in the harbor were not affected by the stormy waves further out to sea.
- I hope Paul harbors no anger against me for my long delay in responding to his e-mail.
- I could tell that all of the ladies harbored a little animosity toward the prettiest girl at the party.

JV528 (Impair and Oasis)

IMPAIR = to worsen something or to make it less effective

Synonyms:
weaken, damage, injure, deteriorate, reduce, lessen, diminish

Antonyms:
improve

Examples:
- Everyone knows that too much alcohol can impair a person’s driving ability.
- My uncle is hearing-impaired, but he is excellent at reading lips.
- Without glasses, his vision is seriously impaired.
- A strained wrist will dramatically impair your ability to play tennis.

OASIS = (noun)

1. a fertile spot in a desert or barren place; 2. a place of shelter or sanctuary

Synonyms:
refuge, sanctuary, haven

Antonyms:
prison

Examples:
- My weekly yoga class is an oasis away from my daily stress.
- Many weary travelers have stopped by the desert oasis to rest and have a drink of water.
- I don’t like to have parties because my home is my oasis away from the chaos of the world.
 

JV526 (Fidelity and Extrovert)

FIDELITY = (noun) 1. faithfulness to vow, duties, obligations, or observances; 2.
truthfulness and accuracy in reporting details or facts; 3. degree to
which electronic engineering accurately reproduces the sound or image
of its input signal

Synonyms: allegiance, faithfulness, loyalty,
devotedness, devotion, staunchness, adherence, constancy,

Antonyms:
infidelity, disloyalty, inaccuracy

Examples:
- In some cases, analog recordings are of higher fidelity than digital.
- It was Marc’s infidelity that ultimately ended their marriage.
- One of the things I admired most about Frank was his adoration and fidelity toward his wife.

EXTROVERT =
a gregarious and uninhibited person who thrives and gets their energy from socializing

Synonyms:
character, sociable person

Antonyms:
introvert, loner

Examples:
- Cheerleading was the perfect outlet for Angela’s extroverted nature.
- If you want to be in sales, you have to be an extrovert and like being around people.
- His brother is shy and introverted, while he is much more of a social extrovert.

JV525 (Galvanize and Ineluctable)

GALVANIZE = (verb)
1. to stimulate a person or group into action; 2. to stimulate a part
of the body with an electric shock; 3. to coat iron or steel with zinc
for protection from rust and corrosion

Synonyms:
rouse, stimulate, provoke, excite, coat, protect, charge

Antonyms:
quiet, still

Examples:
- The company SyncMyMail.com was galvanized to action when they found out their biggest
competitor was also making a bid for the job.
- The politician hoped his speech would galvanize those who were still undecided to vote for him.
- CPR is more effective when an AED machine is available to galvanize the heart.
- The prospect of guests always galvanizes Angela to start cleaning the house.

INELUCTABLE = describes something impossible to avoid or escape

Synonyms:
inescapable, unavoidable, inevitable, certain, destined, imminent

Antonyms:
avoidable, escapable, uncertain

Examples:
- Although Phoebe was sad about the break-up, she knew the ineluctable passage of time would heal her pain.
- The phrase “what goes up must come down” describes the ineluctable law of gravity.
- One often hears that the only things in life that are ineluctable are death and taxes.

JV524 (Nondescript and Peripheral)

NONDESCRIPT = (adjective) lacking distinctive or interesting characteristics. dull, uninteresting, or without any distinguishing characteristics

Synonyms:
dull, drab, unremarkable, indistinguishable, uninteresting, common, ordinary, vague

Antonyms:
vivid, interesting, unique

Examples:
- It was my first job interview – so I chose to wear a fairly nondescript, black suit.

- The newspaper article was largely nondescript and gave only perfunctory information.
- Nobody remembered my friend John, I think it’s because he is such an ordinary, nondescript guy.
 

PERIPHERAL =
1. on the outer edges of something; 2. related to an issue, but not of major importance to it

Synonyms:
outer, marginal, borderline, exterior, side, irrelevant, minor, insignificant

Antonyms:
inner, central, significant

Examples:
- Bill has a tunnel vision and he can only see clearly when looking straight
ahead; he has lost his peripheral vision.
- Whenever John is watching his favorite TV show Lost, everything else is of peripheral interest.
- He’s planning on building a guest house on the periphery of his property.
- Let’s stop talking about peripheral subjects and let’s focus on the key issues instead.

JV523 (Prostrate and Redolent)

PROSTRATE = (adj.) 1. lying down, often on one’s face, either out of respect and
submissiveness; 2. lying down in a horizontal position due to illness
or lack of energy; 3. physically exhausted or emotionally overwhelmed;
(v.) 1. to lie down or throw oneself on the ground, especially in a
worshipful manner; 2. to exhaust, either physically or emotionally

Synonyms:
(adj.) prone, flat, reclining, exhausted, spent, overwhelmed, (v.) grovel, bow, lay, exhaust, overcome

Antonyms:
(adj.) upright, standing

Examples:
- After a long day of yard work, I was prostrate on the couch for several hours.
- My sick grandma was prostrate in her hospital bed.
- When the emperor walked in, all of his servants fell down to the ground prostrate.
- She lay there prostrate and lifeless.

REDOLENT = 1. exuding a fragrance with qualities that remind you of something else; 2. suggesting or reminiscent of another time or place.
1. suggesting: suggestive or reminiscent of something
2. having particular smell: with a particular scent or odor
3. aromatic: with a strong pleasant aroma

Synonyms:
aromatic, odorous, fragrant, smelling, evocative, reminiscent, mindful

Examples:
- Angela’s perfume is redolent of our time together in Paris.
- The desert air is much more redolent after a rain.
- The studio of the yoga teacher was redolent with the smell of incense.

JV522 (Saccharine and Preen)

SACCHARINE = (adjective) 1 excessively sweet or sentimental. 2 too pleasant or charming, with too much feeling to be believed

Synonyms:
ingratiating, sweet, sugary, syrupy, sugar-coated, oversentimental, cloying

Antonyms:
sour, bitter

Examples:
- The actresses’ speech at the Oscars was so saccharine, I could hardly stomach it.
- My girlfriend loved the movie but I thought it was ruined by its saccharine-sweet ending.
- Frank was always very nice, but his sweetness sometimes bordered on saccharine.
- The movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which everyone lives happily ever after

PREEN = (verb) 1 (of a bird) tidy and clean its feathers with its beak. 2 devote effort to making oneself look attractive. 3 (preen oneself) congratulate or pride oneself. 1. to dress or adorn oneself with great care; 2. what birds do when
they clean their feathers with their beaks; 3. what cats do when they
groom themselves; 4. to feel and/or act very self-satisfied and
self-congratulatory. to feel very proud or satisfied with yourself because of an action or quality:

Synonyms:
groom, primp, dress, adorn, spruce, gloat, self-congratulating

Examples:
- My boss thinks that people who preen themselves on a job well done are annoyingly self-satisfied and smug.
- My cat sat on the windowsill preening herself for hours.
- Bill sometimes preens himself on his ability to effectively deal with clients and co-workers.
- The girls preened all day in preparation for prom night.
- The government is publicly preening itself on the latest trade figures.

JV521 (Hapless and Expedite)

HAPLESS = (adjective) without luck, unfortunate, having, prone to, or marked by bad luck

Synonyms: unlucky, unfortunate

Antonyms: lucky, fortunate


Examples:
- The hapless wanderer could find no resting place and suffered another night in the bitter cold.
- The hapless refugees were driven from their homes, families, and way of life.
- Angela’s parents were the hapless victims of a fire, just after our insurance policy expired.
- Because of the financial crisis, the hapless employees lost their pension and in some cases, their entire retirement.
- Many children are hapless victims of this war.


EXPEDITE = (verb) 1. to hasten the action or speed up the progress of something; to cause (something) to be done or progress more quickly. 2. to deal with something quickly and efficiently

Synonyms: hasten, accelerate, assist, facilitate, advance

Antonyms: slow, stifle

Examples:
- I am really getting desperate – come on guys – is there any way that we can expedite this process so we can meet our deadline?
- Marc, you are going to expedite this paperwork in order to move things along more quickly.
- Ok, Martin please expedite this shipment so the customer can receive it by tomorrow morning.
- There was no way to expedite the long wait at the post office.

 

JV520 (Repulse and Spurious)

REPULSE = (verb) 1. to drive back or repel; 2. to cause aversion or disgust; 3. to reject an approach

Synonyms: repel, reject, rebuff, shun, stop, refuse, disgust

Antonyms: captivate, welcome

Examples:
- Now that Lisa is single again, she started dating. But on her last date she was repulsed by her date’s rude and disgusting behavior.
- Since Joanne is a vegetarian, she feels repulsion when she sees other people eating meat.
- The latest movie contains a repulsive scenes


SPURIOUS = (adjective) 1. not valid or genuine; 2. different than what is claimed and intended to deceive, based on false reasoning or information that is not true, and therefore not to be trusted

Synonyms: counterfeit, fake, phony, meretricious, substitute, artificial, imitation, illegitimate, unauthentic, deceptive

Antonyms: genuine, authentic, true

Examples:
- Phil made false and spurious accusations against Paul in order to damage his reputation.
- Lisa thought she had discovered an authentic Rembrandt, but it turned out to be a spurious painting.
- Some of the arguments against the case of global warming are questionable and others downright spurious.

JV519 (Potable and Resourceful)

POTABLE = (adjective) suitable for drinking; (noun) a liquid, especially alcohol, that is suitable for drinking

Synonyms: (adj.) drinkable, useable, pure, fresh, uncontaminated, (n.) liquid, beverage, liquor, potion, brew

Antonyms: (adj.) impotable, polluted, unclean

Examples:
- After the earthquake, the tap water was not potable.
- There were too many potables to choose from at the bar, and she couldn’t make a choice.
- The wine was too old to be potable anymore.
- The mountaineer survived 6 days on a mountain and three daysr without any potable water.
- around here, the only potable water comes from wells


RESOURCEFUL = (adjective) 1. able to deal effectively with different situations; 2. having the necessary resources to adapt to different situations and effectively solve problems

Synonyms: adroit, imaginative, inventive, clever, enterprising, skilled

Antonyms: dim-witted, unimaginative

Examples:
- The company hired Phil because he’s very resourceful and adept at problem solving.
- Phil’s boss was very impressed by the way he resourcefully handled a difficult situation and made it work to company’s advantage.
- Children can be very resourceful at creating new games when left to their own imagination.

JV518 (Ineffable and Loll)

INEFFABLE = (adjective) not able to be described in words. causing so much emotion, especially pleasure, that it cannot be describe

Synonyms: indescribable, inexpressible, unspeakable, incredible, unutterable, sacred

Antonyms: describable, expressible

Examples:
- The performance was so moving, it could only be described as ineffable.
- After her team won the championship, she experienced ineffable happiness.
- David Attenborough’s Planet Earth shows the ineffable beauty of our planet.
- In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was so sacred his name was ineffable.
- Lisa couldn’t really describe to Marc how she feel about her mistake; her emotions were ineffable.


LOLL = (verb) 1. to recline in a relaxed and lazy position; 2. to hang loosely. to lie, sit or hang down in a relaxed informal or uncontrolled way

Synonyms: lounge, sprawl, loaf, loiter, languish, recline, droop, hang

Antonyms: stand, move

Examples:
- We decided to just loll about rather than doing any sort of formal activity.
- To my best friend, vacations are meant for lolling about the pool and relaxing.
- When my dog stopped playing ball and laid down in the shade with his tongue lolling out, I knew it was time to head home.
- Marc was tired of the week and spent Sunday afternoon lolling and reading in his hammock.

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